Disclosed is a graphene heating element including a box body, a cover body provided on the box body, and a graphene heating chip provided in the box body; wherein a thermal insulation material is injected into the box body and foams so that the graphene heating chip is bonded to the cover body and the box body as a whole. The thermal insulation material foams around and below the graphene heating chip so that the graphene heating chip is adhered to the cover body and the bottom of the box body.

Abase board baking machine includes a stand, a controller, a housing, a heating mechanism, and a top cover. The heating mechanism includes a heating plate, an infrared heater, and a heated air device. The heating plate in placed in the housing. The infrared heater is mounted on a bottom of the top cover and corresponds to the heating plate. The heated air device is mounted on a side of the housing. Thus, the interior of the housing contains three different heat sources to heat a base board evenly and completely.

The present disclosure discloses a flat substrate heating apparatus including a module support plate having a plurality of unit module regions placed on an upper surface thereof; a plurality of laser light source modules having a plurality of laser light source devices and seated on unit module regions of the module support plate, respectively; a power supply board placed below the module support plate and configured to supply power to the laser light source module; and an electrode terminal electrically connecting the laser light source module and the power supply board while detachably securing them to upper and lower surfaces of the module support plate.

The invention relates to a device for heating preform bodies or flat or preformed semi-finished products from thermoplastic material (3), comprising at least one base body (1.0, 2.0), on the surface of which at least a first layer or coating is formed, which comprises at least one electric heating resistor in the form of a flat, geometrically arranged conductor loop. The base body also has contact elements, by which the at least one heating resistor can be connected to a power source, wherein, as a result of the geometrically arranged conductor loop(s), a defined temperature profile can be generated, which can be transmitted contactlessly to the preform body or the semi-finished product by an outer contact layer formed on the first layer or coating, by contact the surface of a preform body or semi-finished product and/or by using convection or thermal radiation. During a transmission of the defined temperature profile, the preform body or the semi-finished product is arranged at a distance to the contact layer(s).

An assembly provides electrical current to molten glass in a glass melting tank. The assembly includes a structure having an electrode that is in contact with the molten glass, and a fluid-cooled connection apparatus. The fluid-cooled connection apparatus includes a first connection element electrically connected to a current source and a second connection element electrically connected to the current source, where the first and second connection elements are spaced apart from each other; and an electrical cross-connect strut having a first end secured to the first connection element and a second end secured to the second connection element. The assembly also includes a bus bar electrically connected to the fluid-cooled connection apparatus and to an electrode. The current source provides a current to the molten glass via the structure and the electrode for heating the molten glass through resistive heating.

A vehicle glazed unit includes a first glass sheet forming an outer glazing that is extra-clear and a heating layer made of a transparent, near-infrared conductive oxide based on indium oxide with titanium or molybdenum.

A system for melting materials during the production of a glass or ceramic material is disclosed. A method for melting materials during the production of a glass or ceramic material is also disclosed. The system comprises a melt tank having an interior with a width and a length; and an electrode array comprising a plurality of elongate electrodes each extending at least partially across the width of the interior of the melt tank. Each electrode within the electrode array is spaced apart from an adjacent electrode within the electrode array by from about 5 mm to 100 mm. The electrode array is configured such that during a heating operation, current flows between adjacent electrodes within the electrode array, such that heat is radiated from the electrodes to materials located within the interior of the melt tank.

Provided is a vehicular glass module capable of suppressing the concentration of thermal stress at a side of the glass panel. A vehicular glass module includes: a glass panel having an information acquisition area facing an information acquisition device and transmitting light; and a heater unit configured to heat at least a part of the information acquisition area of the glass panel. The information acquisition area is disposed close to a side of the glass panel. The heater unit includes: a power feeder disposed between the side of the glass panel and the information acquisition area; a heater disposed in the information acquisition area along a plate surface of the glass panel, the heater receiving power supply from the power feeder to generate heat; and a conductive wire connecting the power feeder and the heater. The conductive wire has an intermediate heater unit that heats between the upper side of the glass panel and the information acquisition area.

A glass-melting electrode has a cooling device. The glass-melting electrode has an electrode body with a blind hole, and the cooling device has a cooling tube which can be inserted into the blind hole in order to feed coolant into the blind hole. The cooling device has a flow distributor with at least three outlet openings. The flow distributor is arranged at an end of the cooling tube which has been inserted into the blind hole, such that coolant flows through the flow distributor into the blind hole.

According to the present invention, provided is a heater including a heat generating member being conductive and configured to radiate heat rays by being fed with electric power, a tubular member constituted by a metal and accommodating the heat generating member, and an intermediate member arranged between the heat generating member and the tubular member and constituted by an electrically insulating material, wherein the intermediate member is arranged and/or configured to allow, among the heat rays radiated from the heat generating member, at least light having a wavelength of from 1 m to 2 m to pass through the intermediate member to reach the tubular member.