A heater includes a base body, a conductive module, and an infrared electrothermal coating. The conductive module includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced on the base body. The first electrode includes a first bar electrode axially extending from a first end to a second end, the second electrode includes a second bar electrode axially extending from the first end to the second end, and at least a part of the infrared electrothermal coating is located between the first bar electrode and the second bar electrode. An equivalent resistance of a part of the infrared electrothermal coating adjacent to the first end is less than an equivalent resistance of a middle part of the infrared electrothermal coating. An equivalent resistance of a part of the infrared electrothermal coating adjacent to the second end is less than the equivalent resistance of the middle part of the infrared electrothermal coating.

A process for regenerating a catalyst in an olefin production reactor. The process includes feeding a compressed, pre-heated air stream to a heating zone comprising an electrical heater, electrically heating the compressed, pre-heated air stream in the heating zone to a temperature in the range of 500-800° C., producing a regeneration air stream, feeding the regeneration air stream to the olefin production reactor, regenerating the catalyst using the regeneration air, producing a hot air stream, and feeding the hot air stream to a waste heat recovery unit configured to pre-heat a compressed air stream, producing the compressed, pre-heated air stream and a waste air stream.

An aerosol-generating article may comprise a liquid storage portion containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, and a hydrochromic material provided on the liquid storage portion. The hydrochromic material has a first colour when in the presence of or when in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate and a second colour when in the absence of or when not in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate. An aerosol-generating system may comprise the aerosol-generating article, an aerosol-generating element, and an aerosol-generating device. An aerosol-generating device may comprise an electrical power supply, an electronic photosensor, and a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply based on a value of an optical property sensed with the electronic photosensor.

A method of preparing non-volatile bituminous material in solid form includes first accessing molds having mold cavities defining an irregularly shaped brick having a plurality of non-planar surfaces and preparing the bituminous material for casting by heating it until it is suitably viscous for casting and optionally blending it with an additive. Then, the molds can be filled with the bituminous materials, preferably using a retractable conduit that progressively fills each mold cavity from its bottom to its top. Next, the bituminous material in the molds is solidified until substantially solid bricks are formed. Optionally, a skeleton with optional additional buoyant features can be placed in each mold cavity prior to casting so that the resulting brick has increased buoyancy throughout, and the skeleton and any buoyant features can be customized according to the needs of the customer. The resulting bricks can be removed for transport.

A thermal radiation element includes a substrate, made of a semiconductor, having a first principal plane and a second principal plane, a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer provided on the first principal plane and the second principal plane, respectively, and an electrode pair provided in an outer edge region of the first conductor layer.

Systems and methods are provided for controlling infrared radiation (IR) sources of a sauna including tuning IR wavelength-ranges and radiated power-levels of IR sources, and directing IR to locations on a user's body. In one illustrative embodiment, a sauna may be provided having adjustable IR emitters to emit IR at any wavelength resulting in a desirable radiation treatment for the sauna user. In another illustrative embodiment, a method is provided for tuning IR emitters in a sauna.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a secondary battery lamination device, and more particularly, the secondary battery lamination device includes an infrared LED heat source portion including a plurality of individually controllable infrared LED lamps and a pressurizing portion, thereby manufacturing a battery with improved uniformity of adhesive strength and air permeability between the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode.

Provided is a welding joining method for joining end portions of first and second pipes made of polyamide resin by bonding the end portions to each other by pressure in a molten state. The welding joining method includes: a placing step of placing an infrared radiation lamp between the first and second pipes placed to face each other at an interval; a heating and melting step of heating and melting the end portions of the first and second pipes by emitting infrared; and a pressure bonding step of cooling down the molten end portions in a state where the molten end portions are bonded to each other by pressure.

The present application provides an aerosol generating device and an infrared emitter. The aerosol generating device comprises: a cavity, being configured to receive a smokable material; an infrared emission thin film, being configured to radiate infrared rays to the cavity so as to heat the smokable material. The aerosol generating device and the infrared emitter described above adopt thin film formation capable of radiating infrared rays to heat the smokable material, and the thin film may be conveniently obtained and then wound for fixation, which is more convenient in production and preparation as well as disassembly and replacement during use as compared to the infrared emitter with printed coating.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to apparatus for processing a substrate, and more specifically to reflector plates for rapid thermal processing. In an embodiment, a reflector plate assembly for processing a substrate is provided. The reflector plate assembly includes a reflector plate body, a plurality of sub-reflector plates disposed within the reflector plate body, and a plurality of pyrometers. A pyrometer of the plurality of pyrometers is coupled to an opening formed in a sub-reflector plate. Chambers including a reflector plate assembly are also described herein.