An infrared heater having a reflector body that includes a first and a second planar reflection section for arranging one infrared radiator in each case and a reflector opening opposite the reflection sections. In order to provide an infrared heater that allows for controlled emission of heat, the reflection sections extend in planes with respect to a first longitudinal axis, which planes are oriented so as to be inclined in relation to one another and which each extend at different inclinations in relation to an opening plane that is oriented in parallel with the first longitudinal axis and that is spanned by the reflector opening.

Disclosed is a method for heating plastic preforms, wherein the plastic preforms are transported along a predetermined transport path and are heated during this transport by applying electromagnetic radiation, wherein an absorption and/or transmission of the plastic preforms is determined for radiation in an infrared wavelength range, wherein an absorption and/or transmission of the plastic preforms and/or of the plastic containers produced from these plastic preforms is determined for radiation in a visible wavelength range.

A heating body and an aerosol-generation device including the heating body are disclosed. The heating body includes: an electric heating element, configured to receive electric power of a power supply to generate heat; a base body, configured for insertion into the aerosol-forming substrate, where an accommodating cavity is formed inside the base body, and the accommodating cavity is configured to accommodate the electric heating element; and an infrared radiator, arranged on the base body in heat conduction with the electric heating element, where the infrared radiator is configured to receive the heat generated by the electric heating element, heat up to generate infrared rays, and heat the aerosol-forming substrate at least in a radiation manner. Infrared radiation has certain penetrability, and has a good heating effect on a cigarette, so that components in the cigarette can be fully released, thereby improving the inhaling experience of users.

An aerosol-generating article may comprise a liquid storage portion containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, and a hydrochromic material provided on the liquid storage portion. The hydrochromic material has a first colour when in the presence of or when in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate and a second colour when in the absence of or when not in contact with the liquid aerosol-forming substrate. An aerosol-generating system may comprise the aerosol-generating article, an aerosol-generating element, and an aerosol-generating device. An aerosol-generating device may comprise an electrical power supply, an electronic photosensor, and a controller configured to control a supply of electrical power from the electrical power supply based on a value of an optical property sensed with the electronic photosensor.

A low-temperature smoking set, comprising a housing assembly (1) and a heating assembly (4) disposed in the housing assembly (1), wherein a cavity (121) used for inserting a cigarette (10) is provided on the housing assembly (1), and a cigarette accommodating cavity (P1) used for accommodating at least a part of the cigarette (10) is provided at the inner part of the housing assembly (1). At least one cigarette holding mechanism (5) is disposed at the cavity wall of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1). The cigarette holding mechanism (5) comprises at least two deformable elastic protrusion parts (P2) arranged at intervals along the circumference of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1). The elastic protrusion parts (P2) are in the shape of sheets and extend from the cavity wall of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1) toward the inner part of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1) along the radial direction of the cigarette accommodating cavity (P1), thereby implementing adaptive adjustment according to the diameter of the cigarette (10) so as to adapt to cigarettes of different diameters (10). In addition, since the elastic protrusion parts (P2) are in the shape of sheets, heat dissipation may be better prevented, thereby ensuring the baking efficiency of the cigarette (10).

A method of tuning an electrical resistance of a laser-induced graphene heater is provided. The method includes forming a base carbon heating element, and determining a target electrical resistance of a laser-induced graphene (LIG) heater to be fabricated from the base carbon heating element. The method further includes determining a targeted LIG pattern that provides the target electrical resistance, and directing laser energy on to the base carbon heating element based on the targeted LIG pattern to form one or more LIG regions. The one or more LIG regions define a LIG pattern to from the LIG heater having the target electrical resistance.

A frozen accumulation detection assembly and method of operation for a motor vehicle is provided. The assembly includes a light source for emitting light on a surface of the motor vehicle, such as running board, and a sensor for measuring a reflectance level of the light off of the surface of the motor vehicle. The assembly further includes a heating element coupled to the surface of the motor vehicle. The reflectance level may be used as an indicator of frozen accumulation on the surface of the motor vehicle, and may help determine if the heating element should be energized.

In an embodiment, a heating device comprises a radiation source that emits a source radiation, a radiation emitting layer comprising an emitting layer host material and a luminescent agent, wherein the radiation emitting layer comprises an edge, an emitting layer first surface, and an emitting layer second surface; wherein the radiation source is coupled to the edge, wherein the source radiation is transmitted from the radiation source through the edge and excites the luminescent agent, whereafter the luminescent agent emits an emitted radiation, wherein at least a portion of the emitted radiation exits through the emitting layer second surface through an escape cone; an absorber layer, wherein the absorber layer comprises an absorber layer first surface and wherein the absorber layer first surface is in direct contact with the emitting layer second surface, wherein the absorber layer comprises an absorber that absorbs emitted radiation that escapes through the escape cone.

There is provided an electric suspended radiant disk heater apparatus comprising: a central and vertical ceiling mount pole for hanging from a ceiling at an upper end thereof in use; a radiant heater disk element fastened at a lower end thereof, the radiant heater disk element being substantially co-axial with the ceiling mount pole, being substantially perpendicular to the ceiling mount pole and extending radially from the lower end of the pole; and an electric heater element thermally coupled to the radiant heater disk element to heat the radiant heater disk to radiate heat from a radiant heat emitting undersurface thereof.

A thermal emitter includes a freestanding membrane supported by a substrate, wherein the freestanding membrane includes in a lateral extension a center section, a conductive intermediate section and a border section, wherein the conductive intermediate section laterally surrounds the center section and is electrically isolated from the center section, the conductive intermediate section including a conductive semiconductor material that is encapsulated in an insulating material, wherein the border section at least partially surrounds the intermediate section and is electrically isolated from the conductive intermediate section, and wherein a perforation is formed through the border section.