A specimen heating apparatus includes a heater unit configured to heat a test specimen held in a material testing machine, a heater holding unit configured to hold the heater unit in a set position relative to the test specimen for heating, a specimen temperature measurement unit attached to the heater unit and configured to measure temperature of the test specimen when the heater unit is in the set position, a temperature controller configured to control heating of the heater unit in response to a temperature measured by the specimen temperature measurement unit, and a thermal insulation unit configured to cover the heater unit, wherein the heater holding unit holds the heater unit in such a way that the heater unit is allowed to be brought to and removed from the set position while the test specimen is being held in the material testing machine.

A window heating system for providing current to a heating element includes a first sensor, a second sensor, and a sensor selection module configured to determine a state of the first and the second sensors. The sensor selection module includes a first comparator associated with the first sensor and configured to determine whether a condition of the first sensor is satisfied. The window heating system also includes a controller configured to control current to the heating element based on the second sensor when the first comparator determines the condition of the first sensor is not satisfied.

A heater includes a base body, a first resistance heating element, and a plurality of second resistance heating elements. The base body is an insulating member which includes a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface. The first resistance heating element extends along the first surface in an internal portion or on a surface of the base body. The second resistance heating elements are located on the first surface side or on the second surface side relative to the first resistance heating element and extend along the first surface in the internal portion or on the surface of the base body.

A power converter system provides adjustable power to a heater and includes an input rectifier and a full-bridge isolating converter. The input rectifier is configured to rectify a line power having a line energy. The full-bridge isolating converter configured to generate an isolated output voltage based on the rectified line power. The isolated output voltage is electrically isolated from the line energy.

A cartridge-based vaporizer is disclosed. The vaporizer has a body with a control panel and a chamber for receiving a cartridge. A cartridge including a vaporizable product container and an atomizer may be placed in the chamber and selectively secured within the chamber. The body may include a variable air intake in fluid communication with the atomizer when the atomizer is received in chamber. The body may include a cartridge identification sensor configured to identify a cartridge type of the cartridge based on a cartridge identifier of the cartridge.

A system and method for controlling power includes a power source, a plurality of primary control circuits, a load, at least one secondary control circuit, a switch circuit, and a control channel. The plurality of primary control circuits are connected to control load power from the power source to respective ones of a plurality of load power inputs. The load is configured to receive power from the plurality of load power inputs. The at least one secondary control circuit is connected to the power source, and the switch circuit is connected between the at least one secondary control circuit and the plurality of load power inputs. The control channel is configured to control the switch circuit to connect the at least one secondary control circuit to a selected one of the plurality of load power inputs.

An electrical active unit (100) for generating a physical effect such as heat, cold or light emission, with a particular application to a temperature regulation system for regulating the temperature of a body, or to a light emission system to be worn by such a portion of a body. The electrical active unit (100) comprises a textile support (102) supporting: an active element (101) adapted for generating said physical effect; at least one electrical connection point (104) adapted to be connected to a power source and a controlling unit, and located on said active element (101); a sensor (106) adapted for being connected to the power source and the controlling unit, such that the electrical active unit may be connected to the power source and the controlling unit via the connection point in order to allow the powering of the active element by the power source and the activation/deactivation of said active element by the controlling unit depending on data sensed by the sensor. The textile support (102) has a first face and a second face opposite to said first face, the at least one connection point (104) being located solely on the first face, the active element (101) being embedded in the textile support (102) so as to form a determined pattern on the first and second faces. The pattern can avoid electrical current discharged from the connection points (104) through the second face, thereby avoiding direct contact between the skin and hot spots located at connection points (104).

A heatable glazing comprising a pane of glazing material with a first portion delimited by a first and a second bus bars wherein a voltage VI is applied and a second portion of the pane in need of rapid heating delimited by the second bus bar and a third bus bar wherein a voltage V2 is applied. The voltage VI is converted into a voltage V2 within the second portion by an electrical converter DC/DC.

Arrangements for de-icing a transparent window, in particular a vehicle windshield, with an electric heating device, are described. The de-icing a transparent window has the following steps: Step A): Measuring a window temperature before an initial application of a heating voltage; Step B): Measuring the window temperature after a beginning of a heating period; and Step C): Applying a heating voltage of more than 100 volts to a heating device over a heating period of a maximum of 2 minutes, in particular a maximum of 90 seconds, and repeating step B).

An improved heating pad which minimizes or eliminates skin burns due to improper uses in one or more of several ways: by monitoring a total electric power input or output of the heating pad; by monitoring an absolute temperature of each surface of the heating pad; by monitoring a temperature difference between each surface of the heating pad, where a small temperature difference indicates that both sides of the heating pad are covered; and/or by monitoring the duty cycle of a heating element, where a large off portion of the duty cycle indicates both sides of the heating pad are covered.