An electric heating mat may include an outer sleeve having an interior, and an access end with an opening to the interior. The access end may be folded upon itself into a closed condition, and unfolded into an opened condition. When the access end is closed, the interior of the outer sleeve may provide a sealed enclosure. The sealed enclosure may accommodate and protect internal components, such as heating elements, a power source, and associated controls. The heating elements, associated wiring, and an insulation layer may be provided in an inner sleeve, which may be insertable into the outer sleeve as a unit. When the access end is opened, the opening provides access to the internal components. Such access allows the power source to be turned on to supply power to the heating elements.

An article comprising a heater that comprises a high-resistance magnification (HRM) PTC ink deposited on a flexible substrate to form one or more resistors. The HRM PTC ink has a resistance magnification of at least 20 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the ink, the resistance magnification being defined as a ratio between a resistance of the double-resin ink at a temperature T and a resistance of the double-resin ink at 25 degrees Celsius.

An all-inclusive electrical heating liner for use in the fabrication of articles of apparel is disclosed. It is comprised of a thermally insulating fabric piece which is shaped to define a dorsal panel and a pair of frontal panels to which are secured patterns of heating wires at specific locations. The spaced relationship between the dorsal panel and the pair of frontal panels is adjustable whereby the liner can be incorporated in articles of apparel of different sizes including small. Medium, large and X-large apparel sizes and gender types. The liner incorporates a power supply, controls, switches, wiring, connectors and other components thereby facilitating the incorporation of the liner into an article of apparel resulting in a cost reduction to the manufacturer of heated articles of apparel. Various embodiments are described to show that the all-inclusive one-piece heating liner is adaptable to many articles which require control heating.

A heated coverall garment assembly for warming a user includes a shell that comprises an inner layer and an outer layer. The outer layer is insulative. The shell is substantially body shaped and is configured to be positioned over a body of a user so that a face, hands, and feet of the user are exposed. A power module is coupled to the shell. A heating element is coupled to the shell and is positioned between the inner layer and the outer layer. The heating element is operationally coupled to the power module so that the power module is positioned to power the heating element to warm the user.

An article comprising a heater that comprises a high-resistance magnification (HRM) PTC ink deposited on a flexible substrate to form one or more resistors. The HRM PTC ink has a resistance magnification of at least 20 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the ink, the resistance magnification being defined as a ratio between a resistance of the double-resin ink at a temperature T and a resistance of the double-resin ink at 25 degrees Celsius.

A printed circuit that comprises a substrate, electrical interconnects and a double-resin ink having a positive temperature coefficient (PTC), wherein the double-resin ink has a resistance magnification of at least 20 in a temperature range of at least 20 degrees Celsius above a switching temperature of the double-resin ink, the resistance magnification being defined as a ratio between a resistance of the double-resin ink at a temperature T and a resistance of the double-resin ink at 25 degrees Celsius. The substrate is a fabric or mesh, while the double-resin ink and the electrical interconnects are deposited onto the substrate.

A heating system, such as embedded in a fabric object, such as a wearable garment, comprising at least one heating element comprising an electrical resistance heating loop, the heating element comprising at least one sense wire for detecting and providing a signal indicative of a safety condition, and a controller connected to the at least one heating element and to the sense wire and configured to shut down the heating element in response to the signal indicative of the safety condition. Multiple, independently controllable heating elements in a garment may be connected to a harness and one or more integral battery packs with a power management system to permit hot swapping of the battery packs. The garment may be configured to be communicatively paired to a mobile device to provide hands free phone, music streaming, and/or a user interface for the heating system.

A polymer thick film carbon black composition comprising 6-13 wt % conductive carbon black powder; and 87-94 wt % organic medium comprising thermoplastic polyurethane resin dissolved in an organic solvent may be used to form the resistive element of heaters in applications where significant stretching is required, particularly on substrates that can be highly elongated and, in particular, that can be used in wearable garment applications.

At least some aspects of the present disclosure direct to a device including a conductive heater and a convective device. The conductive heater includes a first conductive bus and a second conductive bus, a first set of electrodes electrically connected to the first conductive bus, a second set of electrodes electrically connected to the second conductive bus, wherein the first and the second set of electrodes are interdigitated, and a plurality of heater stripes comprising printed ink and electrically connected to the first and the second sets of electrodes. The convective device includes a pneumatic structure and an opening into the pneumatic structure connected to an inflation medium source, wherein at least part of the convective device is air permeable. The application is further directed to a warming device comprising a gown and said device, wherein the conductive heater and convective device are disposed on or integrated with the gown.

A flexible electric heater integrated in a fabric has a surface extending substantially in a two-dimensional plane and including at least one heating strip approximately parallel to the fill threads, electrically connected to strips of electrically conducting wires arranged approximately parallel to the warp threads, next to different portions of the fabric. The at least one heating strip includes a plurality of electrically heating fill threads intertwined with the fabric and each strip of electric conducting wires includes a plurality of electrically conducting warp threads intertwined with the fabric, the plurality of electrically heating weft threads being intertwined with the plurality of electrically conducting warp threads. A process is described of making a flexible electric heater integrated in a fabric.