A heating element includes a first bus bar disposed to receive current from a power source, and a second bus bar non-adjacent to the first bus bar. The heating element further includes a polymer ink section extending between the first and second bus bars, and the section includes a plurality of PTC polymer inks each different from one another. The second bus bar is electrically connected to the first bus bar via the polymer ink section.

An electric heater for a vehicle includes a heat dissipation fin for heat-exchange with air, a ceramic element to emit heat by receiving a power-supply voltage, and a housing to support the heat dissipation fin and the ceramic element. The ceramic element includes a first positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element, and a second PTC element having a heating power greater than a heating power of the first PTC element.

According to one aspect, a wax warmer includes a body to support a reservoir adapted to receive a wax melt. The wax warmer also includes a heater having a first heating state to heat the wax melt from a first temperature below a melting point of the wax melt to a second temperature above the melting point of the wax melt in a predetermined amount of time. The heater has a second heating state to substantially maintain the wax melt within a temperature range above the melting point of the wax melt.

Composite airfoils of the present disclosure comprise a root section including a first surface. The airfoils comprise an intermediate section having a first surface and coupled with the root section at a first end. The airfoils comprise a tip section having a first surface and coupled at a first end with a second end of the intermediate section. The airfoils comprise a conductive material layer adjacent at least one of the first surface of the root section, the first surface of the intermediate section, and the first surface of the tip section. The conductive material comprises a first polymer, a second polymer, and a sulfonic acid.

An electric heater includes a substrate; a first plane heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate; and a second plane heating element disposed on the surface of the substrate so as to be located outside the first plane heating element. The first plane heating element includes a first pattern portion having a start point and an end point, and a pair of first electrode portions connected to the first pattern portion. The second plane heating element includes a second pattern portion that surrounds a portion of an outer circumference of the first pattern portion, has a start point and an end point, and has an opening portion at one side thereof; and a pair of second electrode portions connected to the second pattern portion.

A device is described in which the shape of a resistive heater material is configured to provide rapid and strong heating of a small area. The resistive heating material is heated unevenly while efficiently using power.

A flow-through heater assembly includes a housing and a heater. The housing includes an inlet, an outlet, and a bore extending between the inlet and the outlet. The heater is disposed within the housing and extends between the inlet and the outlet. The heater includes at least one opening proximate the inlet and at least one opening proximate the outlet. The heater defines an anfractuous path from the inlet to the outlet, and the openings in the heater are in fluid communication with the bore of the housing.

A fixing unit includes a first heater, a first switch, a second heater, and a second switch. In an image forming mode, a controller controls the first switch and the second switch to keep a temperature of the fixing unit at a fixing temperature serving as a target temperature for fixing the image on the sheet. In a standby mode, the controller controls the first and second switches to keep the temperature of the fixing unit at a standby temperature, and controls the first and second switches such that a period in which a first current is supplied to the first heater and a period in which a second current is supplied to the second heater do not overlap.

Apparatuses, systems and methods of providing heat to enable an FDM additive manufacturing nozzle having refined print control and enhanced printing speed. The heating element may include at least one sheath sized to fittedly engage around an outer circumference of the FDM printer nozzle; at least one wire coil at least partially contacting an inner diameter of the sheath; and at least one energy receiver associated with the at least one wire coil.

An aerosol generation system including: an accommodating unit into which an aerosol generation article is to be inserted; a heating unit for heating the aerosol generation article inserted into the accommodating unit; and an electric power supply unit for supplying the heating unit with electric power, wherein the heating unit includes a film-shaped electrical insulating unit having one or more cutouts and an electrical resistance unit disposed on the electrical insulating unit and producing heat with electric power supplied from the electric power supply unit, and the heating unit is disposed around the accommodating unit.