A method for forming a heater on a substrate includes feeding a heater wire into a heating zone, the heater wire being in contact with a dielectric material within the heating zone, and coaxially co-extruding the heater wire and the dielectric material from the heating zone through a nozzle and onto a substrate such that the heater wire and the dielectric material form a heater for heating the substrate.

A cartridge for an electronic cigarette is configured to thermically connect to a base part having at least one heating element. The cartridge includes: a liquid store including a liquid outlet; a vaporization chamber in communication with the liquid store via the liquid outlet; a sorption member in the vaporization chamber for absorbing liquid transferred to the vaporization chamber via the liquid outlet; and a heat transfer unit configured, when the cartridge is thermically connected to the base part, to transfer heat from the heating element to the sorption member to vaporize liquid absorbed by the sorption member. The sorption member and the heat transfer unit are only in partial contact in contact zones.

Apparatuses, systems and methods of providing heat to enable an FDM additive manufacturing nozzle having refined print control and enhanced printing speed. The heating element may include at least one sheath sized to fittedly engage around an outer circumference of the FDM printer nozzle; at least one wire coil at least partially contacting an inner diameter of the sheath; and at least one energy receiver associated with the at least one wire coil.

An electrical film heater having a variable thermal output is described herein. The electrothermal film heater comprises a substrate having first and second major surfaces that is characterized by a length and a width. A nonuniform graphite coating layer is disposed on at least one major surface of the substrate creating a variable electrical resistance coating on the substrate along at least one of the length and/or the width of the substrate, and a pair of spaced apart bus bars disposed on top of the graphite coating layer.

A heat meander is disclosed. In an embodiment a heater meander includes a meander structure, wherein central meander lines of the meander structure are thicker than meander lines in an outer area of the meander structure.

The present disclosure provides a heat-generating sheet for use in three-dimensional molding including: a pseudo-sheet structure in which plural electrically conductive linear bodies extending unidirectionally are arranged spaced apart from each other, each of the electrically conductive linear bodies having a diameter of from 7 μm to 75 μm; and a resin protective layer provided at a side of one surface of the pseudo-sheet structure. In this heat-generating sheet for use in three-dimensional molding, the total thickness of layers provided at the side of the pseudo-sheet structure at which the resin protective layer is provided is from 1.5 times to 80 times the diameter of the electrically conductive linear bodies. The present disclosure also provides a surface heat-generating article in which the heat-generating sheet for use in three-dimensional molding is used.

In a gas sensor having a gas-sensitive layer and a heating element to heat the gas-sensitive layer, the heating element comprises a heater track having first and second outer electric terminals and at least one inner electric terminal located between the outer electric terminals. The gas sensor includes a control unit configured to control the electric potentials that are applied to the electric terminals during use, and the control unit is configured to be capable of varying the set of electric potentials applied to the electric terminals. In certain applications the control unit may select the terminals to which power is applied, in order to assure the gas-sensitive layer is heated to a specified temperature. In certain applications the gas sensor has multiple measurement electrodes and the control unit selects the set of electric potentials so that different temperatures are attained at locations where different measurement electrodes are located.

An electric heater for a vehicle includes a heat dissipation fin for heat-exchange with air, a ceramic element to emit heat by receiving a power-supply voltage, and a housing to support the heat dissipation fin and the ceramic element. The ceramic element includes a first positive temperature coefficient (PTC) element, and a second PTC element having a heating power greater than a heating power of the first PTC element.

A film heater includes a transparent conductive film and first and second electrodes. The transparent conductive film includes a heat generating portion that generates heat when energized by the first and second electrodes. An outer edge of the heat generating portion has a short side, a long side, and first and second oblique sides. The first and second electrodes include a plurality of first and second connection portions corresponding to a plurality of first and second ports, respectively. A plurality of first and second current suppression portions is disposed to suppress flow of the current between the inside and outside of the heat generating portion through a region between the plurality of first and second ports, respectively. For each of some or all of the plurality of first ports, the current flows through the heat generating portion between the first port and at least two second ports.

A heater assembly (20) is configured to vaporize a liquid. The heater assembly (20) includes a substrate plate (26,28) and a heating element (24) supported on the substrate plate (26,28). The heating element (24) includes a layer of electrically conducting material. The heater assembly (20) further includes a plurality of channels (46) formed by the electrically conducting material. Each of the plurality of channels (46) is configured to operate in parallel. Each channel (46) has an inlet end and an outlet end. The inlet end is configured to receive the liquid and the outlet end is configured to discharge vapor. The substrate plate (26,28) and the heating element (24) form a multi-layer configuration.