A heater is provided having at least one thermally sprayed resistive heating layer, the resistive heating layer comprising a first metallic component that is electrically conductive and capable of reacting with a gas to form one or more carbide, oxide, nitride, and boride derivative; one or more oxide, nitride, carbide, and boride derivative of the first metallic component that is electrically insulating; and a third component capable of stabilizing the resistivity of the resistive heating layer. In some embodiments, the third component is capable of pinning the grain boundaries of the first metallic component deposited in the resistive heating layer and/or altering the structure of aluminum oxide grains deposited in the resistive heating layer.

A heating device may include a substrate and a heating element disposed on a surface of the substrate. The heating element may include an ohmically resistive coating having a layer thickness of 2 to 300 microns. The ohmically resistive coating may include at least 30% by weight of at least one ductile or malleable metal and a plurality of electrically resistive particles. The ohmically resistive coating may be deposited via the at least one of the cold spray and the solid state deposition performed at a temperature below at least one of a melting temperature and a partially softening temperature of the at least one ductile or malleable metal. The ohmically resistive coating may exhibit less heterogeneity and porosity than a thermally sprayed coating, may have a density of 90% or greater, and may have a porosity of 10% or less.

The present disclosure provides a self-regulating electric heating film, including: an insulating isolation layer, an interdigital electrode arranged on the surface of the insulating isolation layer, a positive temperature coefficient coating covering the surface of a secondary electrode of the interdigital electrode, and an insulating protective layer covering the surface of a primary electrode of the interdigital electrode, wherein the positive temperature coefficient coating is not in contact with the primary electrode of the interdigital electrode, and the insulating protective layer overlaps the positive temperature coefficient coating.

A snow guard assembly heated within one or more snow guard tubes. Heating of the snow guard tube prevents excessive accumulation of snow and helps prevent snow build up and spill over above the top of the snow guard. The tubes can be length-wise separable to place and service the heating elements. The heating element can be standard heat tape or infrared LEDs. The snow guard tubes can optionally have a non-uniform cross-sectional thickness to direct the heat more efficiently in a desired orientation. The interior of the snow guard tubes can be selectively coated with infrared absorbing or reflective material to direct the heat in a desired orientation when infrared LEDs are used as a heat source. The snow guard can be attached to many types of roof surfaces including tile roofs, metal roofs with or without standing seams, and shingle roofs.

A lamp or lens assembly for a motor vehicle that includes electrically conductive traces for defogging or deicing the lens. Aspects include a light transmissive lens coupled to a lamp housing. The light transmissive lens may define a curved cross-section with a curvature extending across the length and/or the width of the lens. The lens may include one or more electrically conductive traces positioned on a surface of the lens, the electrically conductive traces optionally extending across and curving with the curvature of the light transmissive lens. One or more coatings may optionally cover the conductive traces and a portion of the lens surface leaving portions uncovered. The electrically conductive traces may extend outwardly away from the surface of the lens with height that is greater than their width.

The method of controlling an autonomous anti-icing apparatus includes: a first step of collecting and storing ice formation environment data; a second step of calculating a calculated value of an aerodynamic parameter based on the ice formation environment data and the ice formation prediction data in real time to determine whether ice formation is present on a surface of the structure and calculating a degree of ice formation through the calculated value of the aerodynamic parameter; and a third step of allowing a calculation control unit to send a temperature control signal, which includes a heating period signal, to a power supply so that an electric heating part is heated when the ice formation is determined by comparing the degree of ice formation with a preset value.

A multifunctional assembly having a resistive element a conductive element in electrical communication with the resistive element, the conductive element defining at least one of a plurality of multifunctional zones of the resistive element, wherein the conductive element is configured to direct a flow of electricity across at least one of the plurality of multifunctional zones of the resistive element in a preselected manner.

A sheet-shaped conductive member includes: a base material; a resin layer; and a pseudo sheet structure in which a plurality of conductive linear bodies are arranged at an interval, wherein each of the conductive linear bodies has a wavy shape in a plan view of the sheet-shaped conductive member, and in a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of the conductive linear bodies, any adjacent ones of the conductive linear bodies differ from each other in at least one of a wavelength, amplitude, phase or thickness.

Provided is an on-line ice-melting apparatus. The apparatus is configured for melting the ice on a three-phase line. The apparatus includes an adjustable reactor, a grounding transformer, a controller, and an auxiliary circuit. The grounding transformer, the adjustable reactor, the auxiliary circuit, and a line of any phase of the three-phase line form a first control loop. The adjustable reactor includes a working winding, a control winding, and a short-circuit winding. The working winding is connected between the grounding transformer and the auxiliary circuit. The controller is electrically connected to the control winding and the short-circuit winding separately.

An evaporator unit includes an evaporator comprising an evaporation pipe and a plurality of heat exchange fins, through which the evaporation pipe penetrates, and a defrost heater mounted below the evaporator. The defrost heater may include a heating line and a heating pipe in which the heating line is accommodated, and the heating pipe may have a plurality of irregularities extending in a longitudinal direction of the heating pipe.