A structural improvement for microwave-assisted high temperature high-pressure chemistry vessel systems is disclosed that among other advantages offers dynamic venting and resealing while a reaction proceeds and eliminates the risk of cross contamination associated with systems that use a common pressurized chamber. The improvement includes a relatively thin-walled disposable liner cylinder that includes one closed end and one open end defining a mouth, and a liner cap positioned in the mouth of the rigid liner cylinder for closing the rigid liner cylinder. The liner cap includes a depending column that engages the inside diameter of the rigid liner cylinder, and a disk at one end of the depending column having a diameter sufficient to rest upon the rigid liner cylinder without falling into the rigid cylinder liner so that the cylindrical liner cap can rest in the rigid liner cylinder at the mouth of the rigid liner cylinder. The depending column, includes a passage to provide a gas venting space, and a dynamic venting action, between the liner cap and the rigid liner cylinder.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The apparatus includes an electrical power source; at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating alternating current; at least two transmission line conductors positioned in the hydrocarbon formation; at least one waveguide for carrying the alternating current from the at least one electromagnetic wave generator to the at least two transmission line conductors; and a producer well to receive heated hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon formation. The transmission line conductors are excitable by the alternating current to propagate a travelling wave within the hydrocarbon formation. At least one of the transmission line conductors include a primary arm and at least one secondary arm extending laterally from the primary arm. The at least one secondary arm includes at least one electrically isolatable connection for electrically isolating at least a portion of the secondary arm.

A cable core for a cable, in particular, for an induction cable that includes multiple such cable cores which have a conductor that is interrupted in the longitudinal direction at specified longitudinal positions at multiple separation points, thereby forming two conductor ends. An insulating intermediate piece is provided for connecting the conductor ends, and the conductor ends are arranged on both sides of the intermediate piece. The conductor and the intermediate piece are surrounded together by a continuous insulating jacket in order to form the cable core. In a preferred concept, a respective intermediate piece is arranged between the two conductor ends by two adapter elements. In another preferred concept, a respective intermediate piece, in particular, a ceramic intermediate piece, is connected directly to two conductor ends. A cable is formed from a plurality of such cable cores.

An SCR dosing pump assembly for conveying and providing a liquid exhaust gas purification additive includes: a plastic housing; a multi-part aluminum frame having first part and a second part; and at least one positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating element configured as an electrically conductive contact between the first part and the second part of the aluminum frame. No further electrically conductive contacts exist between the first part and the second part of the aluminum frame. The multi-part aluminum frame is molded into the plastic housing of the SCR dosing pump assembly.

An electric resistor includes a particle continuous body in which a plurality of conductive particles are connected, and a matrix disposed around the particle continuous body. The particle continuous body has surface-joined portions in which surfaces of the conductive particles are joined to each other. Silicon particles are preferably used as the conductive particles. The average boundary line length of the surface-joined portions is preferably 0.5 μm or more.

A microwave heating apparatus is provided herein comprising a tubing conduit consisting of two or more removable bend portions connected to each other. The tubing conduit is supported by a support system. Each removable bend portion includes a microwave emitter to heat a fluid flowing through the conduit. The apparatus can replace or be integrated into existing heating equipment used in, for example, steam cracking of hydrocarbons. Also provided are pipe segments, such as spools, that are adapted for heating a fluid by applying microwave energy. The pipe segments can be lined with microwave absorbing materials and comprise an opening through which an insert comprising a microwave emitter can be removably inserted and retained.

A subsea direct electrical heating power supply system includes at least one input device adapted to couple the direct electrical heating power supply system to a power supply and a subsea variable speed drive, for receiving electrical power from the at least one input device and for providing an AC output, including a plurality of series-connected power cells. Each power cell includes an inverter and a bypass device to selectively bypass the power cell. The system further includes an adjustable subsea capacitor connected to the AC output of the subsea variable speed drive; an output device adapted to couple the direct electrical heating power supply system to a subsea pipeline section; and a controller, adapted to adjust the capacitance of the adjustable subsea capacitor such that upon the system output voltage being reduced, the current output by the direct electrical heating power supply system is increased.

A current feedthrough for an electrically heatable catalytic converter, which has inside it at least one electrical conductor that can be electrically contacted by the current feedthrough, a central electrically conductive inner conductor, which is guided from the interior of the catalytic converter through the outer housing wall thereof, an electrical insulation layer, which surrounds the electrically conductive inner conductor on the radially outer surface thereof, and a metallic outer tube, in which the electrically conductive inner conductor and the electrical insulation layer are accommodated.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing a producer well, which defines a longitudinal axis, between at least a first and second transmission line conductor. At a reference location along the length of the longitudinal axis, the first and second transmission line conductors are laterally spaced from the producer well by a first and second reference distance, respectively. At a second location, the first and second transmission line conductors are laterally spaced from the producer well by a third and fourth distance, respectively. At least one of the third and fourth distances are greater than the first and second reference distances, respectively. Excitation of the transmission line conductors generates an electromagnetic field having a reference shape and a reference position at the reference location and at least one of a more elongated shape and a different position at the second location.

A hybrid heater system for an aircraft air data sensor includes a voltage source and a first hybrid heater set. The first hybrid heater set includes a carbon nanotube (CNT) heater, a first positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater disposed in parallel with the CNT heater to form a parallel formation, and a second PTC heater disposed in series between the voltage source and the parallel formation.