A region of a positive charge formed around an arrester is made as small as possible to effectively suppress generation of an upward streamer. An inner electrode body to be grounded, an outer electrode body provided to surround the inner electrode body with a predetermined gap, an electrical insulating layer provided in the gap to hold the inner electrode body and the outer electrode body in an electrically insulated state, and a support that supports at least one of the inner electrode body and the outer electrode body are included, in which the inner electrode body is formed in a rod shape, and the outer electrode body is formed in a cylindrical shape.

An ESD protection element includes a semiconductor substrate, a wiring layer, and an inductor conductor. The semiconductor substrate includes a Zener diode. The inductor conductor is provided on the wiring layer and has a two-dimensional spiral shape. The inductor conductor includes a first inductor conductor and a second inductor conductor that are continuously provided from an outer peripheral end toward an inner peripheral end, and a connection conductor portion in a vicinity of a portion at which the first inductor conductor and the second inductor conductor are connected to each other. The second inductor conductor has a width smaller than a width of the first inductor conductor.

An ESD protection element includes a semiconductor substrate, a wiring layer, and an inductor conductor. The semiconductor substrate includes a Zener diode. The inductor conductor is provided on the wiring layer and has a two-dimensional spiral shape. The inductor conductor includes a first inductor conductor and a second inductor conductor that are continuously provided from an outer peripheral end toward an inner peripheral end, and a connection conductor portion in a vicinity of a portion at which the first inductor conductor and the second inductor conductor are connected to each other. The second inductor conductor has a width smaller than a width of the first inductor conductor.

A charged particle emission device includes a pre-emission state detector configured to detect a pre-emission charged state which is a charged state of a charged object before the charged particles are emitted, a learned model configured to receive a charged state of a charged object and a control parameter related to a control amount used for control of the charged particles to be emitted to the charged object to generate an estimated charged state which is a charged state of the charged object after the charged particles are controlled under the control parameter and emitted, an estimated charged state generator configured to input the pre-emission charged state and a plurality of control parameters to the learned model to generate a plurality of estimated charged states corresponding to the pre-emission charged state and the plurality of control parameters.

A charged particle emission device includes a pre-emission state detector configured to detect a pre-emission charged state which is a charged state of the charged object before charged particles are emitted, an emission time generator configured to generate an emission time based on a past emission time of charged particles and a charged state of the charged object after the emission, emission processor circuitry configured to emit charged particles to the charged object which is in the pre-emission charged state based on the generated emission time, a post-emission state detector configured to detect a post-emission charged state which is a charged state of the charged object after the charged particles are emitted, machine learning processor circuitry configured to cause a machine learning model to learn a correspondence among the pre-emission charged state, the post-emission charged state, and the emission time generated by the emission time generator.

Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez, mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2, mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2, and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.

Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez, mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2, mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2, and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.

A wavelength conversion device that restrains output power of light that has a wavelength converted from reducing due to a pyroelectric effect when a temperature of a wavelength conversion element including a ferroelectric substrate is changed is a wavelength conversion device that includes, in a casing, the wavelength conversion element, a temperature control element that controls a temperature of the wavelength conversion element, a static elimination mechanism and a surface potential measurement mechanism, and eliminates static electricity by driving the static elimination mechanism when the surface potential measurement mechanism detects a change in surface potential of the wavelength conversion element.

A plastic keypad with data entry elements and at least one display element is protected from electrostatic discharge by an assembly having an overlay substrate on which an electrically-conductive arrangement is disposed. The overlay substrate has a top side and a back side with a precisely-positioned vias formed through the substrate. A top surface of the top side is a layer of a conductive polymer. The back side is printed with at least one layer of color ink that depict a plurality of alpha-numerical and pictorial elements of the keypad. The electrically-conductive arrangement is disposed on the overlay substrate to collect electrostatic charges on the top side, transfer the electrostatic charges to the back side through the plurality of vias and drain the transferred electrostatic charges to a ground.

A plastic keypad with data entry elements and at least one display element is protected from electrostatic discharge by an assembly having an overlay substrate on which an electrically-conductive arrangement is disposed. The overlay substrate has a top side and a back side with a precisely-positioned vias formed through the substrate. A top surface of the top side is a layer of a conductive polymer. The back side is printed with at least one layer of color ink that depict a plurality of alpha-numerical and pictorial elements of the keypad. The electrically-conductive arrangement is disposed on the overlay substrate to collect electrostatic charges on the top side, transfer the electrostatic charges to the back side through the plurality of vias and drain the transferred electrostatic charges to a ground.