A monitoring apparatus may include a charge plate, a detection sensor, a voltage generator and a controller. The detection sensor may be arranged adjacent to the charge plate to detect a voltage of the charge plate. The voltage generator may be configured to selectively apply a voltage to the charge plate. The controller may be configured to receive and store voltage values and their transmission time transmitted from the detection sensor in generating ions from the ionizer during a monitoring time. The controller may be configured to check a discharge performance of the ionizer based on the voltage values and their respective transmission times.

A monitoring apparatus may include a charge plate, a detection sensor, a voltage generator and a controller. The detection sensor may be arranged adjacent to the charge plate to detect a voltage of the charge plate. The voltage generator may be configured to selectively apply a voltage to the charge plate. The controller may be configured to receive and store voltage values and their transmission time transmitted from the detection sensor in generating ions from the ionizer during a monitoring time. The controller may be configured to check a discharge performance of the ionizer based on the voltage values and their respective transmission times.

A manufacturing method of the ESD protection device includes the following steps. A surface treatment is performed on the substrate. A link layer is formed on the substrate after the surface treatment, wherein a material of the link layer includes a metal material. A progressive layer is formed on the link layer, wherein a material of the progressive layer includes a non-stoichiometric metal oxide material, and an oxygen concentration in the non-stoichiometric metal oxide material is increased gradually away from the substrate in a thickness direction of the progressive layer. A composite layer is formed on the progressive layer, wherein the composite layer includes a stoichiometric metal oxide material and a non-stoichiometric metal oxide material, and a ratio of the non-stoichiometric metal oxide material and the stoichiometric metal oxide material in the composite layer may make a sheet resistance value of the composite layer 1×10.sup.7 to 1×10.sup.8 Ω/sq.

Provided is a thunderbolt arrest-type lightning protection device that has a protected area formed to match a structure and a shape of a protected body being protected from thunderbolts, and is capable of effectively protecting the entire protected body from thunderbolts. The device is configured by: a charged body 2 formed of a conductive material provided to cover a protected body B installed on a ground G; an electrical insulation layer 3 that holds the charged body 2 in an electrically-insulated state with respect to the ground G and the protected body B; a capacitor 4 installed on the ground G, and stores an electrical charge by an electrostatic capacity with the ground; and a conductor 5 that electrically connects the charged body 2 and a second electrode body 4b.

An active fluid static elimination system installed in a fluid transportation pipeline includes a solenoid valve, an electrostatic measuring device, a fluid destaticizer, and a controller. The solenoid valve is connected to a connecting port of the fluid transportation pipeline, and the electrostatic measuring device is used to measure an electrostatic value of a fluid in the fluid transportation pipeline. The fluid destaticizer is connected to the solenoid valve, and the controller is connected to the electrostatic measuring device and the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is opened to allow the fluid passing through the fluid destaticizer to eliminate the electrostatic charge of the fluid when the controller determines that the electrostatic value measured by the electrostatic measuring device is greater than a predetermined value.

An active fluid static elimination system installed in a fluid transportation pipeline includes a solenoid valve, an electrostatic measuring device, a fluid destaticizer, and a controller. The solenoid valve is connected to a connecting port of the fluid transportation pipeline, and the electrostatic measuring device is used to measure an electrostatic value of a fluid in the fluid transportation pipeline. The fluid destaticizer is connected to the solenoid valve, and the controller is connected to the electrostatic measuring device and the solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is opened to allow the fluid passing through the fluid destaticizer to eliminate the electrostatic charge of the fluid when the controller determines that the electrostatic value measured by the electrostatic measuring device is greater than a predetermined value.

Methods and assemblies to stabilize and reduce an electric field in an environment are provided that include an elongated member and a head member. The head member is coupled to the elongated member. The head member includes a floating electrode, a ground electrode, and an insulator portion. The ground electrode spaced apart from the floating electrode. The ground electrode is in communication with the elongated member to receive a charge with a polarity of a earth system. The insulator portion is positioned between the floating and ground electrodes to insulate the floating electrode from the ground electrode. The floating electrode induces an electrical charge from the environment surrounding the head member. The floating electrode balances an existing charge on the ground electrode using an electromagnetic induction to collect a plurality of charges in the environment such that the floating and ground electrodes generate a balanced electric field.

Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez; mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2; and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.

Disclosed is a mixture comprising the compound trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of HFOs, HFCs, HFEs, CFCs, CO2, olefins, organic acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and others such as methyl formate, formic acid, trans-1,2 dichloroethylene, carbon dioxide, cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez; mixtures of these plus water; mixtures of these plus CO2; mixtures of these trans 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE); mixtures of these plus methyl formate; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+CO2; mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFO-1225yez+CO2; and mixtures with cis-HFO-1234ze+HFC-245fa. Also disclosed are methods of using and products of using the above compositions as blowing agents, solvents, heat transfer compositions, aerosol propellant compositions, fire extinguishing and suppressant compositions.

Provided is a static eliminator that efficiently eliminates static electricity from a tray of a droplet ejection device of a tray transport type. A static eliminator 20 includes a movable part 22 which is pushed by a tray 12 due to movement of the tray 12 and moves, and an ion generator 24 disposed on a movement path of the tray 12 and configured to generate ions according to the movement of the movable part 22.