Aspects of the present disclosure describe an atomic oven including a cathode, an anode that comprises a source material, and a power supply that provides a voltage between the cathode and the anode, wherein applying the voltage causes multiple electrons from the cathode to ablate the source material from the anode or locally heat the anode to cause source material to evaporate from the anode and, in both case, to produce a stream of ablated or evaporated particles that passes through an opening in the cathode.

Methods and apparatus that provide for inertial sensing. In one example, a method for inertial sensing includes trapping and cooling a cloud of atoms, applying a first beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms, applying one or more augmentation pulses to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the first beam splitter pulse sequence, applying a mirror sequence to the cloud of atoms, applying a one or more augmentation pulses to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the mirror sequence, applying a second beam splitter pulse sequence to the cloud of atoms subsequent to applying the second augmentation pulse, modulating at least one of a phase and an intensity of at least one of the first and the second beam splitter pulse sequences, performing at least one measurement on the cloud of atoms, and generating a control signal based on the at least one measurement.

A negative ion-based beam injector comprising a negative ion source and an accelerator. The ions produced by the ion source are pre-accelerated before injection into a high energy accelerator by an electrostatic multi-aperture grid pre-accelerator, which is used to extract ion beams from the plasma and accelerate to some fraction of the required beam energy. The beam from the ion source passes through a pair of deflecting magnets, which enable the beam to shift off axis before entering the high energy accelerator. The negative ion-based beam injector can be combined with a neutralizer to produce about a 5 MW neutral beam with energy of about 0.50 to 1.0 MeV. After acceleration to full energy, the beam enters the neutralizer where it is partially converted into a neutral beam. The remaining ion species are separated by a magnet and directed into electrostatic energy converters. The neutral beam passes through a gate valve and enters a plasma chamber.

A negative ion-based beam injector comprising a negative ion source and an accelerator. The ions produced by the ion source are pre-accelerated before injection into a high energy accelerator by an electrostatic multi-aperture grid pre-accelerator, which is used to extract ion beams from the plasma and accelerate to some fraction of the required beam energy. The beam from the ion source passes through a pair of deflecting magnets, which enable the beam to shift off axis before entering the high energy accelerator. The negative ion-based beam injector can be combined with a neutralizer to produce about a 5 MW neutral beam with energy of about 0.50 to 1.0 MeV. After acceleration to full energy, the beam enters the neutralizer where it is partially converted into a neutral beam. The remaining ion species are separated by a magnet and directed into electrostatic energy converters. The neutral beam passes through a gate valve and enters a plasma chamber.

A medical device for surgical implantation adapted to serve as a drug delivery system has one or more drug loaded holes with barrier layers to control release or elution of the drug from the holes or to control inward diffusion of fluids into the holes. The barrier layers are non-polymers and are formed from the drug material itself by beam processing. The holes may be in patterns to spatially control drug delivery. Flexible options permit combinations of drugs, variable drug dose per hole, multiple drugs per hole, temporal control of drug release sequence and profile. Methods for forming such a drug delivery system are also disclosed. Gas cluster ion beam and/or accelerated Neutral Beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam may be employed.

A medical device for surgical implantation adapted to serve as a drug delivery system has one or more drug loaded holes with barrier layers to control release or elution of the drug from the holes or to control inward diffusion of fluids into the holes. The barrier layers are non-polymers and are formed from the drug material itself by beam processing. The holes may be in patterns to spatially control drug delivery. Flexible options permit combinations of drugs, variable drug dose per hole, multiple drugs per hole, temporal control of drug release sequence and profile. Methods for forming such a drug delivery system are also disclosed. Gas cluster ion beam and/or accelerated Neutral Beam derived from an accelerated gas cluster ion beam may be employed.

Methods of forming structures using a neutral beam, structures formed using a neutral beam, and reactor systems for forming the structures are disclosed. The neutral beam can be used to provide activated species during deposition of a layer and/or to provide activated species to treat a deposited layer.

Methods of forming structures using a neutral beam, structures formed using a neutral beam, and reactor systems for forming the structures are disclosed. The neutral beam can be used to provide activated species during deposition of a layer and/or to provide activated species to treat a deposited layer.

A device such as a medical device and a method for making same provides a surface modified by beam irradiation, such as a gas cluster ion beams or a neutral beam, to inhibit or delay attachment or activation or clotting of platelets.

A device such as a medical device and a method for making same provides a surface modified by beam irradiation, such as a gas cluster ion beams or a neutral beam, to inhibit or delay attachment or activation or clotting of platelets.