Apparatuses and methods for accelerating charged particles including a charged particle source configured to provide charged particles, an accelerator including: a cavity having one or more inlets and one or more outlets, an electro-magnet substantially surrounding at least a portion of the cavity, a conductor disposed longitudinally within the cavity configured to accelerate the charged particles entering the cavity through the one or more inlets via a radio frequency wave applied to the cavity, wherein the radio frequency wave operates in transverse electromagnetic mode, and a target configured to receive the accelerated charged particles via the one or more outlets.

Methods and systems for non-invasively tuning dressed multicell cavities. A multicell cavity can be plastically deformed as result of introducing a customized balloon to a cavity and then pressurizing the balloon to a targeted cell while applying a global force on the cavity flanges. The pressurized balloons localize the plastic deformation to the targeted cells using prescribed values of both global force and balloon pressure. Such an approach allows for the tuning of dressed cavities without removal of the helium vessel.

Methods and systems for non-invasively tuning dressed multicell cavities. A multicell cavity can be plastically deformed as result of introducing a customized balloon to a cavity and then pressurizing the balloon to a targeted cell while applying a global force on the cavity flanges. The pressurized balloons localize the plastic deformation to the targeted cells using prescribed values of both global force and balloon pressure. Such an approach allows for the tuning of dressed cavities without removal of the helium vessel.

A particle acceleration system includes an ion source that generates an ion, an accelerator that accelerates the ion, And a transporting unit that transports the ion from the ion source to the accelerator, in which an attachment angle and an attachment position of the ion source with respect to the transporting unit are able to be adjusted.

A particle acceleration system includes an ion source that generates an ion, an accelerator that accelerates the ion, And a transporting unit that transports the ion from the ion source to the accelerator, in which an attachment angle and an attachment position of the ion source with respect to the transporting unit are able to be adjusted.

A wafer-based charged particle accelerator includes a charged particle source and at least one RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly and a power supply coupled to the at least one RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator may further include a beam current-sensor. The wafer-based charged particle accelerator may further include at least a second RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assembly and at least one ESQ charged particle focusing wafer. Fabrication methods are disclosed for RF charged particle accelerator wafer sub-assemblies, ESQ charged particle focusing wafers, and the wafer-based charged particle accelerator.

Provided is a variable energy and miniaturized accelerator. It is impossible to change the energy of the extraction beam in the related cyclotron or to miniaturize an accelerator in the related synchrotron. The accelerator includes a pair of magnets which form a magnetic field therebetween; an ion source which injects ions between the magnets; an acceleration electrode which accelerates the ions; and a beam extraction path which extracts the ions to the outside. A plurality of ring-shaped beam closed orbits formed by the pair of magnets, in which the ions of different energies respectively circulate, are aggregated on one side. The frequency of the radiofrequency electric field fed to the ions by the acceleration electrode is modulated by the beam closed orbits.

Provided is a variable energy and miniaturized accelerator. It is impossible to change the energy of the extraction beam in the related cyclotron or to miniaturize an accelerator in the related synchrotron. The accelerator includes a pair of magnets which form a magnetic field therebetween; an ion source which injects ions between the magnets; an acceleration electrode which accelerates the ions; and a beam extraction path which extracts the ions to the outside. A plurality of ring-shaped beam closed orbits formed by the pair of magnets, in which the ions of different energies respectively circulate, are aggregated on one side. The frequency of the radiofrequency electric field fed to the ions by the acceleration electrode is modulated by the beam closed orbits.

Methods for generating a multiple-energy X-ray pulse. A beam of electrons is generated with an electron gun and modulated prior to injection into an accelerating structure to achieve at least a first and specified beam current amplitude over the course of respective beam current temporal profiles. A radio frequency field is applied to the accelerating structure with a specified RF field amplitude and a specified RF temporal profile. The first and second specified beam current amplitudes are injected serially, each after a specified delay, in such a manner as to achieve at least two distinct endpoint energies of electrons accelerated within the accelerating structure during a course of a single RF-pulse. The beam of electrons is accelerated by the radio frequency field within the accelerating structure to produce accelerated electrons which impinge upon a target for generating Bremsstrahlung X-rays.

Methods for generating a multiple-energy X-ray pulse. A beam of electrons is generated with an electron gun and modulated prior to injection into an accelerating structure to achieve at least a first and specified beam current amplitude over the course of respective beam current temporal profiles. A radio frequency field is applied to the accelerating structure with a specified RF field amplitude and a specified RF temporal profile. The first and second specified beam current amplitudes are injected serially, each after a specified delay, in such a manner as to achieve at least two distinct endpoint energies of electrons accelerated within the accelerating structure during a course of a single RF-pulse. The beam of electrons is accelerated by the radio frequency field within the accelerating structure to produce accelerated electrons which impinge upon a target for generating Bremsstrahlung X-rays.