Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relating to a beam system. An example method of detecting beam misalignment a beam system includes detecting beam misalignment in an injector system of the beam system. The example method further includes detecting beam misalignment in an accelerator system of the beam system.

The invention comprises a multi-axis charged particle irradiation method and apparatus. The multi-axis controls includes separate or independent control of one or more of horizontal position, vertical position, energy control, and intensity control of the charged particle irradiation beam. Optionally, the charged particle beam is additionally controlled in terms of timing. Timing is coordinated with patient respiration and/or patient rotational positioning. Combined, the system allows multi-axis and multi-field charged particle irradiation of tumors yielding precise and accurate irradiation dosages to a tumor with distribution of harmful proximal distal energy about the tumor.

The invention comprises a multi-axis charged particle irradiation method and apparatus. The multi-axis controls includes separate or independent control of one or more of horizontal position, vertical position, energy control, and intensity control of the charged particle irradiation beam. Optionally, the charged particle beam is additionally controlled in terms of timing. Timing is coordinated with patient respiration and/or patient rotational positioning. Combined, the system allows multi-axis and multi-field charged particle irradiation of tumors yielding precise and accurate irradiation dosages to a tumor with distribution of harmful proximal distal energy about the tumor.

Methods for generating a multiple-energy X-ray pulse. A beam of electrons is generated with an electron gun and modulated prior to injection into an accelerating structure to achieve at least a first and specified beam current amplitude over the course of respective beam current temporal profiles. A radio frequency field is applied to the accelerating structure with a specified RF field amplitude and a specified RF temporal profile. The first and second specified beam current amplitudes are injected serially, each after a specified delay, in such a manner as to achieve at least two distinct endpoint energies of electrons accelerated within the accelerating structure during a course of a single RF-pulse. The beam of electrons is accelerated by the radio frequency field within the accelerating structure to produce accelerated electrons which impinge upon a target for generating Bremsstrahlung X-rays.

Methods for generating a multiple-energy X-ray pulse. A beam of electrons is generated with an electron gun and modulated prior to injection into an accelerating structure to achieve at least a first and specified beam current amplitude over the course of respective beam current temporal profiles. A radio frequency field is applied to the accelerating structure with a specified RF field amplitude and a specified RF temporal profile. The first and second specified beam current amplitudes are injected serially, each after a specified delay, in such a manner as to achieve at least two distinct endpoint energies of electrons accelerated within the accelerating structure during a course of a single RF-pulse. The beam of electrons is accelerated by the radio frequency field within the accelerating structure to produce accelerated electrons which impinge upon a target for generating Bremsstrahlung X-rays.

According to one embodiment, a particle beam accelerator comprising: an injection unit configured to inject a particle beam; a guiding unit configured to guide the particle beam to a trajectory; an acceleration unit configured to accelerate the particle beam circulating on the trajectory; an emission unit configured to output the particle beam; a particle beam blocking unit configured to block the particle beam on the trajectory; a control unit configured to control the injection unit, the guiding unit, the acceleration unit, the emission unit, and the particle beam blocking unit, wherein: the guiding unit includes a superconducting electromagnet and a superconducting electromagnet interrupter configured to interrupt the superconducting electromagnet, the control unit is configured to change a starting sequence of the particle beam blocking unit and the superconducting electromagnet interrupter depending on at least an operating state of the emission unit, when an abnormality occurs in the superconducting electromagnet.

According to one embodiment, a particle beam accelerator comprising: an injection unit configured to inject a particle beam; a guiding unit configured to guide the particle beam to a trajectory; an acceleration unit configured to accelerate the particle beam circulating on the trajectory; an emission unit configured to output the particle beam; a particle beam blocking unit configured to block the particle beam on the trajectory; a control unit configured to control the injection unit, the guiding unit, the acceleration unit, the emission unit, and the particle beam blocking unit, wherein: the guiding unit includes a superconducting electromagnet and a superconducting electromagnet interrupter configured to interrupt the superconducting electromagnet, the control unit is configured to change a starting sequence of the particle beam blocking unit and the superconducting electromagnet interrupter depending on at least an operating state of the emission unit, when an abnormality occurs in the superconducting electromagnet.

A device provides a simple and safe way of generating ions. The ions generated can be mixed and/or neutralized simply and without many additional parts and equipment. The device (10) required for this purpose is very compact and inexpensive since only one excitation system (44) is required for two spatially and/or electrically separated regions (24, 26) of a plasma vessel (20). In this way, at least one complete excitation system can be dispensed with, resulting in additional space and more degrees of freedom (e.g. in the movement of the device itself). The device (10) can be used both as an ion engine and for material processing, and is therefore universally applicable, it being possible to precisely adjust the kinetic energy via the grid system (28, 30) and the current density via the gas flow and the power of the plasma excitation.

Presented systems and methods enable efficient and effective radiation planning and treatment, including accurate and convenient transmission of the radiation towards a tissue target. In one embodiment, a radiation system includes an electron gun, a bend magnet, a scan control component, and an electron beam entry angle control component. The electron gun is configured to generate electrons. The linear accelerator is configured to accelerate the electrons in an electron beam. The bend magnet is configured to bend the path of the electron beam. The scan control component controls movement of the electron beam in a scan pattern. The electron beam entry angle control component is configured to control the entry angle of the electron beam.

Presented systems and methods enable efficient and effective radiation planning and treatment, including accurate and convenient transmission of the radiation towards a tissue target. In one embodiment, a radiation system includes an electron gun, a bend magnet, a scan control component, and an electron beam entry angle control component. The electron gun is configured to generate electrons. The linear accelerator is configured to accelerate the electrons in an electron beam. The bend magnet is configured to bend the path of the electron beam. The scan control component controls movement of the electron beam in a scan pattern. The electron beam entry angle control component is configured to control the entry angle of the electron beam.