A cyclotron for accelerating a beam of charged particles and extracting the beam. The cyclotron includes a vacuum chamber; a target support element sealed and coupled to the vacuum chamber and including a tubular channel leading to a target; first energy specific extraction kit including a first stripper assembly with a stripper located at a first stripping position for stripping charged particles at a first energy and a second energy specific extraction kit for driving modified charged particles of second energy along a second extraction path towards a target holder, wherein the energy specific extraction kit includes: a second stripper assembly with a stripper located at a second stripping position for stripping charged particles at a second energy and an insert for modifying an orientation of the tubular channel to match the second extraction path such that the modified charged particles of second energy intercept the target holder.

An irradiation method and system for irradiating a target volume, the method comprising: providing thermal neutron absorbing nuclides (such as in the form of a high neutron cross-section agent) at the target volume; and producing neutrons by irradiating nuclei in or adjacent to the target volume with a beam of particles consisting of any one or more of protons, deuterons, tritons and heavy ions, thereby prompting production of the neutrons through non-elastic collisions between the atoms in the path of the beam (including the target) and the particles. The neutron absorbing nuclides absorb neutrons produced in the non-elastic collisions, thereby producing capture products or fragments that irradiate the target volume.

An irradiation method and system for irradiating a target volume, the method comprising: providing thermal neutron absorbing nuclides (such as in the form of a high neutron cross-section agent) at the target volume; and producing neutrons by irradiating nuclei in or adjacent to the target volume with a beam of particles consisting of any one or more of protons, deuterons, tritons and heavy ions, thereby prompting production of the neutrons through non-elastic collisions between the atoms in the path of the beam (including the target) and the particles. The neutron absorbing nuclides absorb neutrons produced in the non-elastic collisions, thereby producing capture products or fragments that irradiate the target volume.

Apparatuses and methods for accelerating charged particles including a charged particle source configured to provide charged particles, an accelerator including: a cavity having one or more inlets and one or more outlets, an electro-magnet substantially surrounding at least a portion of the cavity, a conductor disposed longitudinally within the cavity configured to accelerate the charged particles entering the cavity through the one or more inlets via a radio frequency wave applied to the cavity, wherein the radio frequency wave operates in transverse electromagnetic mode, and a target configured to receive the accelerated charged particles via the one or more outlets.

Apparatuses and methods for accelerating charged particles including a charged particle source configured to provide charged particles, an accelerator including: a cavity having one or more inlets and one or more outlets, an electro-magnet substantially surrounding at least a portion of the cavity, a conductor disposed longitudinally within the cavity configured to accelerate the charged particles entering the cavity through the one or more inlets via a radio frequency wave applied to the cavity, wherein the radio frequency wave operates in transverse electromagnetic mode, and a target configured to receive the accelerated charged particles via the one or more outlets.

A particle beam transport apparatus includes a vacuum duct, at least one magnet controller, and a scanning magnet. The vacuum duct is configured such that a particle beam advances through the vacuum duct. The magnet controller is disposed around a bent portion of the vacuum duct and is configured to control an advancing direction or shape of the particle beam. The scanning magnet is disposed on the downstream side of the magnet controller in the advancing direction and is configured to scan the particle beam by deflecting each bunch of the particle beam. The magnet controller includes a deflection magnet configured to deflect the advancing direction of the particle beam along the bent portion and a quadrupole magnet configured to converge the particle beam. The deflection magnet and the quadrupole magnet constitute a combined-function magnet arranged at the same point in the advancing direction.

A particle beam transport apparatus includes a vacuum duct, at least one magnet controller, and a scanning magnet. The vacuum duct is configured such that a particle beam advances through the vacuum duct. The magnet controller is disposed around a bent portion of the vacuum duct and is configured to control an advancing direction or shape of the particle beam. The scanning magnet is disposed on the downstream side of the magnet controller in the advancing direction and is configured to scan the particle beam by deflecting each bunch of the particle beam. The magnet controller includes a deflection magnet configured to deflect the advancing direction of the particle beam along the bent portion and a quadrupole magnet configured to converge the particle beam. The deflection magnet and the quadrupole magnet constitute a combined-function magnet arranged at the same point in the advancing direction.

A cyclotron for accelerating charged particles includes: a first and second superconducting main coils arranged parallel to one another on either side of a median plane; and at least a first and second field bump modules arranged on either side of the median plane, and extending circumferentially over a common azimuthal angle for creating a local magnetic field bump in the main magnetic field. Each of the field bump modules includes at least one superconducting bump coil locally generating a broad magnetic field bump having a bell-shape defined by a first gradient of the z-component in a radial direction, r. Each of the field bump modules further includes at least one superconducting bump shaping unit positioned such as to locally steepen the first gradient produced by the at least one superconducting bump coil, when said at least one superconducting bump shaping unit is activated.

A particle accelerator includes: a pair of magnetic poles disposed to face each other; a coil which surrounds each of the magnetic poles and generates a first magnetic flux density directing from the magnetic pole on one side to the magnetic pole on the other side; a foil stripper provided on a circling orbit of charged particles to strip off electrons from the charged particles; and a magnetic flux density adjustment unit which generates a second magnetic flux density directing in an opposite direction to a direction of the first magnetic flux density, in which the magnetic flux density adjustment unit makes an absolute value of magnetic flux density at a position of the foil stripper when viewed in a plan view smaller than an absolute value of the first magnetic flux density.

An object of the present invention is to provide a charge stripping film in a charge stripping device of an ion beam, which has high heat resistance and no toxicity, with which there is no risk of activation, with which an ion beam can be made multivalent even if the charge stripping film is thin, and which is resistant to high-energy beam radiation over an extended period of time. The present invention comprises a charge stripping film used in a device which strips a charge of an ion beam, wherein the charge stripping film is a rotary charge stripping film comprising a carbon film having a thermal conductivity of 20 W/mK or more in a film surface direction at 25 C., and a film thickness of the carbon film is more than 3 m and less than 10 m. The present invention also comprises a charge stripping film used in a device which strips a charge of an ion beam, wherein the charge stripping film is a rotary charge stripping film comprising a carbon film produced by a polymer annealing method, and a film thickness of the carbon film is more than 3 m and less than 10 m.