Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

A rotor for polishing hollow tubes, in which an outer tube is slidable over an inner tube and is provided with at least one window in the wall. At the window on the inner tube, a plate vane is fixed at the base end to an auxiliary shaft arranged perpendicular to the main shaft so as to be able to rotationally move. A link bar is arranged in the main shaft direction to extend between the outer tube and the plate vane. The rotor is able to transition between an initial state (plate vane closed) and an operational state (plate vane open) by the inner tube moving relative to the outer tube. An electrode for electropolishing or a buff for mechanical polishing is fixed to the tip end of the plate vane. This allows for adjustment of the position of the plate vane and control of the polished state.

An apparatus includes an accelerator guide and a shielding structure enclosing the accelerator guide. The accelerator guide includes an electron source at a first end, a target at a second end, and a plurality of accelerating cavities coupled in series along a longitudinal axis between the first end and the second end. The accelerator guide has a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis. The shielding structure has an inner wall surface defining a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis generally conformal to the contour of the accelerator guide.

An apparatus includes an accelerator guide and a shielding structure enclosing the accelerator guide. The accelerator guide includes an electron source at a first end, a target at a second end, and a plurality of accelerating cavities coupled in series along a longitudinal axis between the first end and the second end. The accelerator guide has a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis. The shielding structure has an inner wall surface defining a contour as viewed in the longitudinal axis generally conformal to the contour of the accelerator guide.

Radiation scanning systems providing multiple views of an object in different planes and a reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing quasi-three-dimensional images from a limited number of views. A system may include bend magnets to direct accelerated charged particles to multiple targets in different viewing locations. Another system collimates radiation generated by a plurality of radiation sources into multiple beams for scanning an object at multiple angles. The object may be a cargo container, for example. The reconstruction algorithm uses an optimization algorithm and imaging and feasibility models to reconstruct quasi-three-dimensional images from the limited number of views.

Radiation scanning systems providing multiple views of an object in different planes and a reconstruction algorithm for reconstructing quasi-three-dimensional images from a limited number of views. A system may include bend magnets to direct accelerated charged particles to multiple targets in different viewing locations. Another system collimates radiation generated by a plurality of radiation sources into multiple beams for scanning an object at multiple angles. The object may be a cargo container, for example. The reconstruction algorithm uses an optimization algorithm and imaging and feasibility models to reconstruct quasi-three-dimensional images from the limited number of views.

Methods and apparatus are provided for generating an amplified pulsed radio frequency (RF) signal used by a particle accelerator. The particle accelerator can generate an attenuation profile. The particle accelerator can determine a waveform and a duration for a pulsed RF signal based on the attenuation profile. The particle accelerator can generate the pulsed RF signal having the waveform and the duration. The particle accelerator can generate an amplified pulsed RF signal using one or more amplifiers of the particle accelerator. The amplifiers can include a pulse forming network (PFN), where the PFN can include a plurality of stages and a plurality of PFN switches, and where PFN stage can include one or more capacitors and inductors. The PFN switches can control the PFN stages. The duration of the amplified pulsed RF signal can be based on settings of the plurality of PFN switches.

Methods and apparatus are provided for generating an amplified pulsed radio frequency (RF) signal used by a particle accelerator. The particle accelerator can generate an attenuation profile. The particle accelerator can determine a waveform and a duration for a pulsed RF signal based on the attenuation profile. The particle accelerator can generate the pulsed RF signal having the waveform and the duration. The particle accelerator can generate an amplified pulsed RF signal using one or more amplifiers of the particle accelerator. The amplifiers can include a pulse forming network (PFN), where the PFN can include a plurality of stages and a plurality of PFN switches, and where PFN stage can include one or more capacitors and inductors. The PFN switches can control the PFN stages. The duration of the amplified pulsed RF signal can be based on settings of the plurality of PFN switches.

An accelerator (30, 40, 50) includes: a plurality of acceleration cavities (31, 41, 51) having one or two acceleration gaps; and a plurality of first control means (33, 43, 53) provided with respect to each of the plurality of acceleration cavities, each of the plurality of first control means independently generating an oscillating electric field and controlling a motion of an ion beam inside a corresponding acceleration cavity. In addition, M-number of multipole magnets (32, 42, 52) which generate a magnetic field and which control a motion of an ion beam may be provided downstream to N-number of acceleration cavities. The first control means independently controls acceleration voltage and a phase thereof and supplies radiofrequency power. Accordingly, particularly in a front stage of acceleration, a DC beam from an ion generation source can be adiabatically captured.

A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.