A particle accelerator can include a first waveguide portion and a second waveguide portion. The first waveguide portion can include a first plurality of cell portions and a first iris portion that is disposed between two of the first plurality of cell portions. The first iris portion can include a first portion of an aperture such that the aperture is configured to be disposed about a beam axis. The first waveguide portion can further include a first bonding surface. The second waveguide portion can include a second plurality of cell portions and a second iris portion that is disposed between two of the second plurality of cell portions. The second iris portion can include a second portion of the aperture. The second waveguide portion can include a second bonding surface.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

A method of determining a design of a transmission waveguide, the method comprising: providing a system comprising a transmission waveguide connected at a first end thereof to an RF source; generating an electromagnetic field in the system by application of RF energy of a harmonic frequency of the RF source to the transmission waveguide; determining whether a reference location in the RF source meets a requirement relating directly or indirectly to an electromagnetic field in the RF source; and if the requirement is met, outputting the current design of the transmission waveguide as its design.

A method of determining a design of a transmission waveguide, the method comprising: providing a system comprising a transmission waveguide connected at a first end thereof to an RF source; generating an electromagnetic field in the system by application of RF energy of a harmonic frequency of the RF source to the transmission waveguide; determining whether a reference location in the RF source meets a requirement relating directly or indirectly to an electromagnetic field in the RF source; and if the requirement is met, outputting the current design of the transmission waveguide as its design.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

Provided herein are high energy ion beam generator systems and methods that provide low cost, high performance, robust, consistent, uniform, low gas consumption and high current/high-moderate voltage generation of neutrons and protons. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale generation of neutrons and protons for a wide variety of research, medical, security, and industrial processes.

Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to initiating beam transport for an accelerator system. An example method includes increasing a bias voltage of one or more electrodes of the accelerator system to a first voltage level and extracting a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the beam is transported through the accelerator system. The beam has a beam current that results in a first transient voltage drop within a threshold. The method further includes increasing the beam current at a rate that results in one or more subsequent transient voltage drops within the threshold until the accelerator system has reached nominal conditions. Another example method includes biasing one or more electrodes of an accelerator system and selectively extracting, according to a duty cycle function, a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the charged particle beam is transported through the accelerator system.

Embodiments of systems, devices, and methods relate to initiating beam transport for an accelerator system. An example method includes increasing a bias voltage of one or more electrodes of the accelerator system to a first voltage level and extracting a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the beam is transported through the accelerator system. The beam has a beam current that results in a first transient voltage drop within a threshold. The method further includes increasing the beam current at a rate that results in one or more subsequent transient voltage drops within the threshold until the accelerator system has reached nominal conditions. Another example method includes biasing one or more electrodes of an accelerator system and selectively extracting, according to a duty cycle function, a charged particle beam from a beam source such that the charged particle beam is transported through the accelerator system.

A compact particle accelerator can include two or more cavities disposed along an axis of the particle accelerator, each of which is coupled to two or more drivers. The accelerator can also include a power supply coupled to the two or more drivers such that a particle beam traveling along the axis is accelerated. The power supply can be an interface with a commercial power outlet, battery power, or a combination thereof depending upon the use case. Example configurations of the accelerator include hand held or mobile devices that are capable of delivering up to and greater than a 1 MeV electron beam.