There is provided a particle accelerator comprising a waveguide for accelerating electrons along an acceleration path and a magnetron configured to supply a radiofrequency electromagnetic field to the waveguide. An oscilloscope is connected to the magnetron and configured to provide signals indicative of the magnetron output. A processor is configured to receive signals from the oscilloscope and to send data to a central server.

There is provided a particle accelerator comprising a waveguide for accelerating electrons along an acceleration path and a magnetron configured to supply a radiofrequency electromagnetic field to the waveguide. An oscilloscope is connected to the magnetron and configured to provide signals indicative of the magnetron output. A processor is configured to receive signals from the oscilloscope and to send data to a central server.

Embodiments of the disclosed technology provide an apparatus for controlling a standing wave linear accelerator. An example standing wave linear accelerator includes an accelerating tube, a motor, and a microwave power source connected between the accelerating tube and the motor. An example apparatus includes a main processor configured to receive an envelope signal of a reflected wave signal output by the accelerating tube, determine whether an amplitude of the envelope signal is greater than an envelope threshold, and if it is determined that the amplitude of the envelope signal is less than the envelope threshold, determine whether to change a rotation direction of the motor by comparing the amplitude of the envelope signal with an envelope reference signal stored in a memory. The memory is connected to the main processor and is configured to store the envelope threshold and the envelope reference signal.

Embodiments of the disclosed technology provide an apparatus for controlling a standing wave linear accelerator. An example standing wave linear accelerator includes an accelerating tube, a motor, and a microwave power source connected between the accelerating tube and the motor. An example apparatus includes a main processor configured to receive an envelope signal of a reflected wave signal output by the accelerating tube, determine whether an amplitude of the envelope signal is greater than an envelope threshold, and if it is determined that the amplitude of the envelope signal is less than the envelope threshold, determine whether to change a rotation direction of the motor by comparing the amplitude of the envelope signal with an envelope reference signal stored in a memory. The memory is connected to the main processor and is configured to store the envelope threshold and the envelope reference signal.

A linear accelerator system comprising a source arranged to produce a pulsed beam of charged particles, a linear accelerator string arranged to accelerate the pulsed beam up to a predetermined range of energies, and a pre-acceleration stage interposed between the source and the linear accelerator string and arranged to accelerate the pulsed beam up to an energy suitable for beam insertion into the linear accelerator string and perform bunching of the pulsed beam. An average current detector is arranged to measure an average current in the pulsed beam, the average current detector comprising at least one non-interceptive sensor placed at an input side of the linear accelerator string, downstream of the pre-acceleration stage, the sensor being responsive to the pulsed beam passing thereby.

Some embodiments include a system comprising: an RF source configured to generate an RF signal; an RF frequency control circuit coupled to the RF source and configured to adjust a frequency of the RF signal; an accelerator structure configured to accelerate a particle beam in response to the RF signal; and control logic configured to: receive a plurality of settings over time for the RF source; adjust the RF signal in response to the settings; and adjust a setpoint of the RF frequency control circuit in response to the settings.

Some embodiments include a system comprising: an RF source configured to generate an RF signal; an RF frequency control circuit coupled to the RF source and configured to adjust a frequency of the RF signal; an accelerator structure configured to accelerate a particle beam in response to the RF signal; and control logic configured to: receive a plurality of settings over time for the RF source; adjust the RF signal in response to the settings; and adjust a setpoint of the RF frequency control circuit in response to the settings.

Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a radio frequency cavity resonator, wherein said radio frequency cavity resonator comprises a tubular structure extending along a longitudinal axis, said tubular structure comprising a circumferential wall structure surrounding said longitudinal axis, one or more tubular elements and a first and a second support structure associated with each of said tubular elements, wherein said first and second support structures are provided on opposite sides of each tubular element and extend radially along a diameter of the tubular structure, wherein the method comprises producing the resonator by additive manufacturing in a manufacturing direction that is parallel to said diameter.

An apparatus may include a drift tube assembly, the drift tube assembly defining a triple gap configuration, and arranged to accelerate and transmit an ion beam along abeam path. The apparatus may include a resonator, to output an RF signal to the drift tube assembly, and an RF quadrupole triplet, connected to the drift tube assembly, and arranged circumferentially around the beam path.

An apparatus may include a drift tube assembly, the drift tube assembly defining a triple gap configuration, and arranged to accelerate and transmit an ion beam along abeam path. The apparatus may include a resonator, to output an RF signal to the drift tube assembly, and an RF quadrupole triplet, connected to the drift tube assembly, and arranged circumferentially around the beam path.