The present disclosure relates to a plasma reactor for plasma-based gas conversion comprising a plasma chamber and an effusion nozzle coupled to the plasma chamber. The plasma chamber comprises one or more gas inlets configured for introducing a feed gas into the plasma chamber, a first and a second electrode for generating gas discharge plasma, and at least one gas outlet opening for evacuating converted and unconverted feed gas from the plasma chamber. The effusion nozzle comprises a radial circumferential wall radially delimiting a gas-receiving cavity elongating along a central axis from a first end to a second end, and the gas-receiving cavity comprises an axial entrance opening at the first end for receiving the gas flow from the reaction chamber and an axial wall at the second end. The effusion nozzle is forming an extension of the second electrode or the effusion nozzle is forming the second electrode. The effusion nozzle further comprises one or more effusion openings for evacuating converted and unconverted feed gas from the gas-receiving cavity.

A method for controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) includes adjusting a flow rate of d gas injected into an arc-type plasma generating device, and identifying a concentration of the generated nitrogen oxide, while adjusting an amount of energy per unit flow rate of the injected gas.

A plasma torch for use in a chemical reactor is described. The plasma torch has a torch chamber with an open end for outflow of reaction products and a closed end opposite to the open end. A first and a second electrode are disposed in the torch chamber, with the second electrode between the first electrode and the open end. An input system is provided for input of one or more gaseous feedstocks into the plasma torch. The plasma torch is adapted to operate at substantially above atmospheric pressure. The plasma torch is also configured so that flow of gaseous feedstocks and reaction products through the torch is adapted to prevent or reduce solid deposition on the second electrode. A suitable method of operating a plasma torch in a chemical reactor is also described.

The present disclosure discloses a thermal plasma treatment method for sulfur hexafluoride (SF.sub.6) degradation. In the thermal plasma treatment method for SF.sub.6 degradation, Ar is input into a thermal plasma generator as a carrier gas; annular electrodes are electrically connected to a direct current power supply to generate an arc plasma region in the presence of the carrier gas Ar; to-be-reacted SF.sub.6 and to-be-reacted H.sub.2 in a predetermined ratio are input into the arc plasma region to generate hydrogen radicals as well as fluorine radicals, and the hydrogen radicals and the fluorine radicals are bonded with each other to generate HF to inhibit the self-recovery reaction of SF.sub.6; and final products include HF and elemental S.

Plasma generators and methods of generating plasma are disclosed. Electrodes in a reaction zone are energized by a high voltage power source that is electrically insulated from the electrodes. A first conductor array, preferably a coil, is electrically coupled to the power source and electrically insulated from the electrodes. A second conductor array, preferably a coaxial coil nested within the first conductor array, is electrically coupled to the electrodes. Electromagnetic induction between the first conductor array and the second conductor array is used to energize the electrodes and generate a plasma in the reaction zone. One or more microwaves are further directed at the plasma to form microwave plasma, either in parallel or in series. Such plasmas are used to reform a hydrocarbon feedstock into low C hydrocarbons, carbon, or hydrogen. Plasma generators combining induction plasma with serial microwave plasmas are further contemplated.

Apparatus and methods for facilitating an intramolecular reaction that occurs in single collisions of CO.sub.2 molecules (or their derivatives amenable to controllable acceleration, such as CO.sub.2.sup.+ ions) with a solid surface, such that molecular oxygen (or its relevant analogs, e.g., O.sub.2.sup.+ and O.sub.2.sup.? ions) is directly produced are provided. The reaction is driven by kinetic energy and is independent of surface composition and temperature. The methods and apparatus may be used to remove CO.sub.2 from Earth's atmosphere, while, in other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to prevent the atmosphere's contamination with CO.sub.2 emissions. In yet other embodiments, the methods and apparatus may be used to obtain molecular oxygen in CO.sub.2-rich environments, such as to facilitate exploration of extraterrestrial bodies with CO.sub.2-rich atmospheres (e.g. Mars).

This gas treatment device is provided with a cylindrical casing having a first opening and a second opening on the opposite side from the first opening, a specific plasma actuator disposed in the casing, and an ozone decomposition device, wherein the plasma actuator is disposed so that the direction in which the induced current is emitted is oriented towards the second opening, and produces, by means of the induced current, an airflow in the casing such that the airflow is directed from the first opening towards the second opening, the ozone decomposition device causes ozone included in the airflow to decompose, generating active oxygen in the airflow and causing the airflow to contain the active oxygen, and a gas flowing in from the first opening is treated by the active oxygen.

The disclosure provides an air disinfection and filtration apparatus for the removal of particles and disinfection of a flow of air using plasma. The apparatus comprises an electrode section with coaxial electrodes that form an annular cavity between the coaxial electrodes. Further, the apparatus comprises an ionic thruster assembly connected to the annular cavity of the electrode section. The ionic thruster assembly includes a top inlet and is configured to receive an airflow, charge the particles within the airflow, and transmit the airflow with the charged particles into the annular cavity of the electrode section. Further, the electrode section is configured to attract the charged particles towards an outer electrode of the coaxial electrodes. The apparatus further comprises a swirl generation unit, a catalytic bed, a particle collector, a collector adaptor, and a dome-shaped closure member.

The disclosure provides a sterilization and disinfection lamp, a combined lamp and a lamp. The sterilization and disinfection lamp comprises a housing, wherein the housing is provided with a sterilization cavity, and an air inlet and an air outlet, which communicate with the sterilization cavity; a light-emitting assembly, which is mounted on an outer surface of the housing; and a plasma generator, at least part of which is accommodated in the sterilization cavity and generates positive ions and negative ions, wherein at least some positive ions and negative ions are combined in the sterilization cavity to sterilize and disinfect air flowing into the sterilization cavity through the air inlet, By means of the sterilization and disinfection lamp, the combined lamp and the lamp provided by the disclosure, the problems of air sterilization devices in the prior art affecting human health and having a single function may be solved.

A methane purification system includes one or more components that cool and compress an input methane-containing gaseous mixture stream to form a first methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. A filter-separator in fluid communication with the one or more components receives the first methane-containing gaseous mixture stream removing water therefrom to form a second methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. An activated carbon station receives the second methane-containing gaseous mixture stream removing hydrogen sulfide therefrom to form a third methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. A methanol scrubber that receives the third methane-containing gaseous mixture stream or an expanded stream therefrom, removing carbon dioxide to form a fourth methane-containing gaseous mixture stream. A final stage separator produces a purified methane stream from the fourth methane-containing gaseous mixture stream or an expanded stream therefrom.