The present disclosure relates to an LED board with a stacked structure, which includes: a metal plate; a printed circuit board attached onto an upper side of the metal plate and having at least one through-hole exposing a part of the upper side of the metal plate; at least one LED chip mounted on the metal plate exposed through the through-hole; a stacked portion having a phosphor-accommodating hole larger than the through-hole formed to include the LED chip and coupled onto the printed circuit board; and a phosphor filled in the phosphor-accommodating hole to cover the LED chip.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for coating the internal surface of nano-scale cavities on a substrate are contemplated. A first fluid of high wettability is applied to the nano-scale cavity, filling the cavity. A second fluid carrying a conductor or a catalyst is applied over the opening of the nano-scale cavity. The second fluid has a lower vapor pressure than the first fluid. The first fluid is converted to a gas, for example by heating the substrate. The gas exits the nano-scale cavity, creating a negative pressure or vacuum in the nano-scale cavity. The negative pressure draws the second fluid into the nano-scale cavity. The conductor is deposited on the interior surface of the nano-scale cavity, preferably less than 10 nm thick.

A multilayer ceramic substrate according to the present disclosure has ceramic layers and a patterned conductor, and a cavity is formed in the multilayer ceramic substrate. The cavity reaches to any one of principal surfaces of the multilayer ceramic substrate and forms an opening, and the opening is covered with a sealing member at the principal surface of the multilayer ceramic substrate.

Voids are introduced in a copper shape to reduce warpage experienced by a printed circuit board during a reflow process. Copper shapes on an outer layer of a printed circuit board may be used to connect large packages that include ball grid arrays to the printed circuit board. The copper shapes may induce warpage in the printed circuit board during the reflow process. Routing a mesh pattern of voids in the copper shapes may reduce solder ball joint cracking and pad cratering during reflow and make solder joints more reliable. The voids may make the copper shapes less ridged and change the copper heat dissipation profile to remove sharp warpage forces that cause solder joints to experience pad cratering. The voids may be 8 mil×8 mil cuts or indentations in the copper shape.

In a printed circuit board (1), thermal vias (19) are formed between the lower surface (A) and an upper surface (B) of the substrate plate (10) of the printed circuit board through the steps of: applying a respective solder resist mask (21, 31) to the lower surface (A) and the upper surface (B); applying solder to the lower surface (A) and reflow soldering the solder, wherein the solder penetrates into the boreholes (20) and forms convex menisci (26) protruding beyond the edge (22) of the respective boreholes on the lower surface (A); and creating regions (35) on the upper surface (B), which are freed from solder resist material, and which are intended for contacting at least one electronic component (17) on the upper surface and each of which comprise at least one of the thermal vias. Subsequently, the upper surface (B) can be provided with electrical components (17) on these regions (35). The first solder resist mask (21) has a respective region (23) that is free of solder resist on the lower surface around the edge of every borehole (20).

A method is provided for forming a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly. The method may include drilling a first plurality of vias having a first diameter in a PCB and filling the first plurality of vias to form a first plurality of plated or filled vias. The method may also include drilling a second plurality of vias having a second diameter in the PCB, and filling the second plurality of vias to form a second plurality of plated or filled vias. The first plurality of plated or filled vias is mixed with the second plurality of plated or filled vias such that the spacing between the first plurality of plated or filled vias and the second plurality of plated or filled vias is less than the first diameter and the second diameter.

The present invention includes a method of fabricating an integrated RF power condition capacitor with a capacitance greater than or equal to 1 of and less than 1 mm.sup.2, and a device made by the method.

Devices, methods, and systems for forming an electrical circuit out of a conductor embedded in two layers of substrate are disclosed. Portions of the two layers of substrate and the conductor are removed, forming a cavity through the two layers and the conductor. A blocker material is deposited along the wall of the cavity. A portion of the blocker material and adjacent layer of the substrate is removed forming another cavity in contact with a part of the conductor. A surface of the second cavity is then electroless plated by a conductive metal to form part of the electrical circuit.

A wiring substrate includes an insulating layer having through holes, a first conductor layer formed on first surface of the insulating layer, a second conductor layer formed on second surface of the insulting layer on the opposite side, and interlayer connection conductors formed in the through holes through the insulating layer and connecting the first and second conductor layers. The insulating layer is formed such that the though holes include first and second groups of through holes and that the through holes in the second group have inner walls covered with non-conductive resin, and the interlayer conductors includes first interlayer conductors each including a plating film formed in the first group of through holes, and second interlayer conductors each including a plating film formed in the second group of through holes such that minimum distance between the second interlayer conductors is smaller than minimum distance between the first interlayer conductors.

Disclosed are a method for filling at least one hole formed in a printed circuit board, a printed circuit board filled in such a manner, and a vehicle having such a printed circuit board. The method of filling at least one hole formed in a printed circuit board comprises: introducing a paste comprising an electrically conductive metal powder and an electrolyte into the at least one hole of the printed circuit board, S1; and galvanic metallization of the printed circuit board so that elemental metal is deposited from the electrolyte in the at least one hole during the galvanic metallisation, S2.