Surface treatment methods for improving electromagnetic interaction characteristics and related assemblies. In some embodiments, a vehicle RADAR assembly may comprise a RADAR module, a housing, and a surface having a plurality of parallel grooves defining a plurality of pointed projections. The plurality of grooves may be configured to decrease the reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation from the RADAR module relative to the housing and/or to de-cohere reflected radiation. In some embodiments, the grooves may be specifically sized and/or shaped to improve upon the RADAR signal interaction characteristics of the housing or other element having the surface.

A power tool and a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) for the power tool. The PCBA includes, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB), a heat sink, a spacer between the PCB and the heat sink, and a gap pad. The PCB and the heat sink are fastened to one another via fasteners so the spacer absorbs excess forces torsional forces from torques applied to the fasteners. The gap pad is placed within an opening or recess of the spacer to contact one or more FETs on the PCB. In some embodiments, the PCBA includes a second heat sink or rigid member on the opposite side of the PCB than the spacer to further distribute excess torsional forces from torques applied to the fasteners.

A shield is provided, including a frame and a cover. The frame includes a plurality of frame side walls and a frame top structure. Each frame side wall includes at least one frame side wall wedge. The frame side walls are connected to the frame top structure, and the frame top structure includes at least one cantilever beam. The cover includes a plurality of cover side walls and a cover top structure. Each cover side wall includes at least one cover side wall opening. The frame side wall wedge is adapted to be wedged into the cover side wall opening to restrict the movement of the cover in a first direction. The cover side walls are connected to the cover top structure. The cover top structure includes at least one cover top opening. The cantilever beam is wedged into and abuts the cover top opening.

An arrangement of individually addressable nanostructures (200) in an array format on a substrate (100) (non-conducting, flexible or rigid) with electrical portions (conducing) in the substrate where the electrical portions form electrical contacts with the nanostructures is utilized to form individually addressable nanostructures. The said nanostructures can be 1-1,000,000 nm in base size and range from 1-1,000,000 nm in height. The distance between the said nanostructures in the array can also range from 10-1,000,000 nm. The said nanostructures are covered in a dielectric material (300) (air, polymer, ceramic) that is at least 5-500,000 nm thicker than the height of the said nanostructures. The dielectric properties of the dielectric material are an important component in determining the capacitance/supercapacitance properties of the fingerprint device. A top electrode (400) is placed on the face of dielectric film opposite to the face in contact with the substrate where nanostructures are arranged. A top layer (500) (glass or Other robust material) is placed on top of the top metal electrode. A voltage V (900) is applied between the nanostructures (200) and the top electrodes (400), an intense electric field (600) is generated between the nanostructures (200) and the top electrode (400). The direction of the said electrical field is dependent on the polarity of the voltage applied. The electric capacitance (700) between the nanostructures and the top electrode as formed. When a finger (1000) is placed on the device, the ridges (1001) of the fingerprints make contact with the top layer (500) of the device causing a signal, (a change in the capacitance of the device) that can be detected using external circuits. The valleys (1002) of the finger do not make contact with the top layer (500) device and hence do not produce a signal. If a pressure is applied on the top layer (500), the distance between the top electrode (400) and the nanostructures (200) is reduced, causing a change in the capacitance, allowing measurement of pressure. Since the nanostructures (200) are distributed on a surface (2000) in sections (2010) we can obtain special resolution of pressure on a surface or gather fingerprints using a cost effective, low power, robust and stand-alone portable, miniature system.

A display apparatus includes: a display panel; light sources configured to emit light; a plurality of board bars on which the light sources are mounted, the plurality of board bars being spaced apart from each other along a first direction and extending in a second direction; a bottom chassis; and a plurality of bar fixers configured to fix the plurality of board bars to the bottom chassis. Each of the plurality of board bars includes: a central extending portion extending in a center of each board bar in the second direction; and a coupling portion located on the central extending portion of each of the plurality of board bars and located on one side in the first direction with respect to one light source among the light sources mounted on each of the plurality of board bars. Each of the plurality of bar fixers are disposed on each coupling portion.

A power tool and a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) for the power tool. The PCBA includes, for example, a printed circuit board (PCB), a heat sink, a spacer between the PCB and the heat sink, and a gap pad. The PCB and the heat sink are fastened to one another via fasteners so the spacer absorbs excess forces torsional forces from torques applied to the fasteners. The gap pad is placed within an opening or recess of the spacer to contact one or more FETs on the PCB. In some embodiments, the PCBA includes a second heat sink or rigid member on the opposite side of the PCB than the spacer to further distribute excess torsional forces from torques applied to the fasteners.

A display apparatus includes: a display panel; light sources configured to emit light; a plurality of board bars on which the light sources are mounted, the plurality of board bars being spaced apart from each other along a first direction and extending in a second direction; a bottom chassis; and a plurality of bar fixers configured to fix the plurality of board bars to the bottom chassis. Each of the plurality of board bars includes: a central extending portion extending in a center of each board bar in the second direction; and a coupling portion located on the central extending portion of each of the plurality of board bars and located on one side in the first direction with respect to one light source among the light sources mounted on each of the plurality of board bars. Each of the plurality of bar fixers are disposed on each coupling portion.

A nondestructive method generates a representation of a pattern of electrically conductive material on at least one layer of a multiple-layer printed circuit board (PCB). The method generates a plurality of imaging slices by evaluating the voxels in a 3D nondestructive data set to identify voxels having intensities representing electrically conductive material. The method establishes a reference plane that includes at least one voxel identified in a selected one of the plurality of slices. The method determines a distance of other voxels from the reference plane and adjusts the respective 3D coordinate of each other voxel to effectively position a respective adjusted voxel in the reference plane. The method generates a two-dimensional (2D) image that includes the at least one voxel and the adjusted voxels in the reference plane. The 2D image represents the pattern of electrically conductive material in the at least one layer.

A display apparatus includes: a display panel; a plurality of light sources configured to emit light toward the display panel; and a light source substrate on which the plurality of light sources are provided, where the light source substrate includes: a substrate body extending in a first direction; a plurality of substrate bars spaced apart from each other in the first direction and extending from one side of the substrate body in a second direction that is different from the first direction; and a substrate line connected to at least some of the plurality of light sources, where the at least some of the plurality of light sources are provided as a plurality of dimming blocks on a first substrate bar, each dimming block including a preset number of light sources among the at least some of the plurality of light sources.