A semi-translucent photovoltaic device is described having a translucent substrate with a photovoltaic stack interrupted in spatially distributed openings filled with a translucent polymer. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the device. The method comprises providing the substrate at a first side with the photovoltaic stack; removing material from the stack in spatially distributed regions, therewith forming openings within these regions; blanket-wise depositing a protective layer over the substrate with the photovoltaic stack; blanket-wise depositing a layer of a radiation-curable precursor for the translucent polymer over the protective layer; irradiating the substrate from a second side opposite its first side to therewith selectively cure the radiation-curable precursor within and in front of the spatially distributed openings, the radiation-curable precursor being converted therewith into said translucent polymer; removing an uncured remainder of the layer of the radiation-curable precursor.

A semi-translucent photovoltaic device is described having a translucent substrate with a photovoltaic stack interrupted in spatially distributed openings filled with a translucent polymer. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the device. The method comprises providing the substrate at a first side with the photovoltaic stack; removing material from the stack in spatially distributed regions, therewith forming openings within these regions; blanket-wise depositing a protective layer over the substrate with the photovoltaic stack; blanket-wise depositing a layer of a radiation-curable precursor for the translucent polymer over the protective layer; irradiating the substrate from a second side opposite its first side to therewith selectively cure the radiation-curable precursor within and in front of the spatially distributed openings, the radiation-curable precursor being converted therewith into said translucent polymer; removing an uncured remainder of the layer of the radiation-curable precursor.

Photovoltaic devices, and methods of fabricating photovoltaic devices. The photovoltaic devices may include a first electrode, at least one quantum dot layer, at least one semiconductor layer, and a second electrode. The first electrode may include a layer including Cr and one or more silver contacts.

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting compounds containing a polycyclic unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions, polymer blends and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, compositions and polymer blends as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD, OFET and OLED devices comprising these compounds, compositions or polymer blends.

Disclosed are a photodiode element, and a sensor and an electronic device including the same. The photodiode element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and having an absorption spectrum in a first wavelength spectrum, a light-emitting layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the second electrode and having an emission peak wavelength belonging to the first wavelength spectrum, and a first charge transport layer between the photoelectric conversion layer and the light-emitting layer.

A compound of the general formula I

##STR00001##

wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkoxy, alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, partly fluorinated alkyl, and aryl; R4 is selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, CN, alkoxy, alkyl, fluorinated alkyl, partly fluorinated alkyl, branched or linear, cyclic or open-chain alkyl, amino, aryl, and alkenyl; and at least one A1, A2, A3 or A4 in each case is independently the group Ia

##STR00002##

wherein each variable is as defined herein.

A method for applying thin film material onto a substrate comprises: forming microdroplets of a solvent and a solute material forming the thin film material; depositing the microdroplets on an upper surface of a micro-structured mesh, wherein the microdroplets are deposited to allow coalescing into droplets extending into the micro-structured mesh; and arranging a surface of the substrate in close relation to a bottom surface of the micro-structured mesh such that a capillary force draws liquid of the droplets onto the surface of the substrate, whereby forced dynamic wetting of the surface of the substrate is provided to form a liquid film on the surface of the substrate.

A photoelectric conversion element of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed to be opposed to the first electrode; and an organic photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic photoelectric conversion layer having, in the layer, a domain being larger than 1 nm and smaller than 10 nm and including one organic semiconductor material in a predetermined cross-section between the first electrode and the second electrode.

The teachings herein pertain to hole transporting compounds containing a cyclobutyl moiety, which can be made into organic hole conductors and into hole transporting material. Additionally, optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical devices comprising such hole transporting material or hole transporting compound are described, in particular photovoltaic devices, organic-inorganic perovskite films, layered photovoltaic devices, p-n heterojunctions, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells and solid-state solar cells. Notably, a fabricated perovskite solar cell module using a disclosed HTM compound exhibited a record efficiency over 19.0% with an active area of 30.24 cm.sup.2.

The teachings herein pertain to hole transporting compounds containing a cyclobutyl moiety, which can be made into organic hole conductors and into hole transporting material. Additionally, optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical devices comprising such hole transporting material or hole transporting compound are described, in particular photovoltaic devices, organic-inorganic perovskite films, layered photovoltaic devices, p-n heterojunctions, dye-sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells and solid-state solar cells. Notably, a fabricated perovskite solar cell module using a disclosed HTM compound exhibited a record efficiency over 19.0% with an active area of 30.24 cm.sup.2.