The disclosure is directed at a method and system for generating a polymer-perovskite hybrid (PPH). The PPH can then be used in the manufacture of a final product, such as a solar cell or photon detectors. The PPH is generated by the mixing of a precursor solution including a Lewis acid chemical component and a cation component with a polymer. The mixture is then synthesized to generate the PPH.

Provided are a method for manufacturing a perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter where an organic ligand is substituted, a light-emitter manufactured thereby, and a light emitting device using the same. A method for manufacturing an organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter where an organic ligand is substituted may comprise the steps of: preparing a solution including an organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter, wherein the organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal particle light-emitter comprises an organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal structure and a plurality of first organic ligands surrounding the organic-inorganic-hybrid perovskite nanocrystal structure; and adding, to the solution, a second organic ligand which is shorter than the first organic ligands or includes a phenyl group or a fluorine group, thereby substitutes the first organic ligands with the second organic ligand. Thus, since energy transfer or charge injection into the nanocrystal structure increases through ligand substitution, it is possible to further increase light emitting efficiency and increase durability and stability by means of a hydrophobic ligand.

The present invention aims to provide a photoelectric conversion element having high photoelectric conversion efficiency, a method for producing the photoelectric conversion element, and a solar cell including the photoelectric conversion element. Provided is a photoelectric conversion element containing a perovskite compound represented by the formula AMX wherein A represents an organic base compound and/or an alkali metal, M represents a lead or tin atom, and X is a halogen atom, the photoelectric conversion element having an intensity ratio of a nitrate ion to a halogen ion (NO.sub.3/X) of 0.0010 or more and less than 0.2000 as determined by TOF-SIMS measurement.

Embodiments relate to a light-harvesting perovskite layer including having deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules incorporated within the perovskite crystal to serve as an effective carrier transport medium. Some embodiments include formation of a DNA doped MAPbI.sub.3, the DNA doped MAPbI.sub.3 being formed by using a DNA-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (“DNA-CTMA”) complex. The DNA doped MAPbI.sub.3 can be used as the light-harvesting perovskite layer in a photovoltaic device. Other molecules such as artemisinin (ART) and melanin are also demonstrated to show the effectiveness in charge and thermal transport.

An inverted polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) includes an anode; a first anodic interlayer (buffer layer) based on PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate]; an active layer having at least one photoactive organic polymer as an electron donor and at least one electron acceptor organic compound; a cathodic interlayer (buffer layer); and a cathode. A second anodic interlayer (buffer layer) includes at least one heteropolyacid and, optionally, at least one amino compound is placed between the first anodic interlayer (buffer layer) and the active layer.

The inverted polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) shows good values of photoelectric conversion efficiency (power conversion efficiency—PCE) (η) and, in particular, a good level of adhesion between the different layers, more specifically between the active layer and the first anodic interlayer (buffer layer).

An inverted polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) includes an anode; a first anodic interlayer (buffer layer) based on PEDOT:PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate]; an active layer having at least one photoactive organic polymer as an electron donor and at least one electron acceptor organic compound; a cathodic interlayer (buffer layer); and a cathode. A second anodic interlayer (buffer layer) includes at least one heteropolyacid and, optionally, at least one amino compound is placed between the first anodic interlayer (buffer layer) and the active layer.

The inverted polymer photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) shows good values of photoelectric conversion efficiency (power conversion efficiency—PCE) (η) and, in particular, a good level of adhesion between the different layers, more specifically between the active layer and the first anodic interlayer (buffer layer).

A perovskite radiovoltaic-photovoltaic battery having a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and a second electrode in sequence, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, or the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode is a radiating electrode formed by compounding an electrical conductor material with a radioactive source.

A perovskite radiovoltaic-photovoltaic battery having a first electrode, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, and a second electrode in sequence, wherein the first electrode is a transparent electrode, the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer and the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer, or the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer and the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer, and the second electrode is a radiating electrode formed by compounding an electrical conductor material with a radioactive source.

A photovoltaic device including an interconnecting liquid crystalline polymer network is described. The interconnecting liquid crystalline polymer network is formed using a process including polymerizing a mixture of components with linear or lathe-shaped molecules terminated with two or more crosslinking groups and one or more non-polymerizable liquid crystalline components. The linear or lathe-shaped molecules terminated with two or more crosslinking groups include flexible spacers connecting chromophoric molecular cores to each of the crosslinking groups. The components with linear or lathe-shaped molecules terminated with two or more crosslinking groups make up between twenty and forty percent of said mixture. At least two of the components with linear or lathe-shaped molecules have the same chromophoric core and each of these components make up ten percent or less of said mixture. Subsequently one or more non-polymerizable liquid crystalline components are removed from the polymerized mixture and then replaced with a polymerizable material.

A photovoltaic device including an interconnecting liquid crystalline polymer network is described. The interconnecting liquid crystalline polymer network is formed using a process including polymerizing a mixture of components with linear or lathe-shaped molecules terminated with two or more crosslinking groups and one or more non-polymerizable liquid crystalline components. The linear or lathe-shaped molecules terminated with two or more crosslinking groups include flexible spacers connecting chromophoric molecular cores to each of the crosslinking groups. The components with linear or lathe-shaped molecules terminated with two or more crosslinking groups make up between twenty and forty percent of said mixture. At least two of the components with linear or lathe-shaped molecules have the same chromophoric core and each of these components make up ten percent or less of said mixture. Subsequently one or more non-polymerizable liquid crystalline components are removed from the polymerized mixture and then replaced with a polymerizable material.