Provided are a material that achieves higher sensitivity and higher resolution of a photoelectric conversion device for imaging, and a photoelectric conversion device for imaging using the above material. A material for a photoelectric conversion device for imaging includes a biscarbazole compound represented by Cz-(Ar).sub.m-Cz. Cz represents a carbazolyl group, Ar independently represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer of 3 to 6. At least one Ar represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group generated from naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, or benzene.

The present teachings relate to polymeric compounds and their use as organic semiconductors in organic and hybrid optical, optoelectronic, and/or electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes, light emitting transistors, and field effect transistors. The disclosed compounds generally include as repeating units at least one annulated thienyl-vinylene-thienyl (TVT) unit and at least one other pi-conjugated unit. The annulated TVT unit can be represented by the formula: ##STR00001##
where Cy.sup.1 and Cy.sup.2 can be a five- or six-membered carbocyclic ring. The annulated TVT unit can be optionally substituted at any available ring atom(s), and can be covalently linked to the other pi-conjugated unit via either the thiophene rings or the carbocyclic rings Cy.sup.1 and Cy.sup.2. The other pi-conjugated unit can be a conjugated linear linker including one or more unsaturated bonds, or a conjugated cyclic linker including one or more carbocyclic and/or heterocyclic rings.

Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a photoelectric conversion material layer that is constituted by an organic material having more excellent sensitivity and responsiveness than those of conventional ones. The photoelectric conversion element of the present invention includes: (a-1) a first electrode and a second electrode which are disposed apart from each other; and (a-2) a photoelectric conversion area which is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the photoelectric conversion area includes multiple layers and at least one of the multiple layers is formed of a dioxaanthanthrene-based compound represented by the structural formula (1).

In the present invention, there is provided a photoelectric conversion element which has excellent quantum efficiency and responsiveness in a case of receiving blue light, and has low electric field strength dependence of response speed. In addition, there is provided an imaging element, a photo sensor, an optical sensor, and a compound related to the photoelectric conversion element. The photoelectric conversion element according to the present invention is a photoelectric conversion element including a conductive film, a photoelectric conversion film, and a transparent conductive film in this order, in which the photoelectric conversion film contains a compound represented by Formula (1).

##STR00001##

A photoelectric conversion element includes (a-1) a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 22 disposed apart from each other, and (a-2) a photoelectric conversion material layer 30 disposed between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 22. The photoelectric conversion material layer 30 is formed of the following structural formula (1).

##STR00001##

Quasi-planar borane doped into (hexathiol)triphenylenes (TPP) operates as the photoactive component in the heterojunction of photovoltaics or photodiodes in heterojunctions with monolayer graphene.

Composite materials that include a polymer matrix and a metal halide perovskite. The metal halide perovskite may be a lead-free metal halide double perovskite. Devices that include a layer of a composite material, a first electrode, and a second electrode. Methods of forming composite materials and devices, including methods that include printing one or more layers with a 3D printer.

Composite materials that include a polymer matrix and a metal halide perovskite. The metal halide perovskite may be a lead-free metal halide double perovskite. Devices that include a layer of a composite material, a first electrode, and a second electrode. Methods of forming composite materials and devices, including methods that include printing one or more layers with a 3D printer.

Proposed is an X-ray detector with a driving sequence that repeats a standby section, a ready section, an integration section, and a readout section, the X-ray detector including a first electrode, on a substrate, to which a pixel voltage is applied, a photoconductor layer on the first electrode, and a second first electrode on the photoconductor layer, wherein a switching voltage having a potential less than or equal to a potential of the pixel voltage is applied to the second electrode during at least a portion of the standby section, and a bias voltage is applied to the second electrode between the standby section and a next standby section.

Proposed is an X-ray detector with a driving sequence that repeats a standby section, a ready section, an integration section, and a readout section, the X-ray detector including a first electrode, on a substrate, to which a pixel voltage is applied, a photoconductor layer on the first electrode, and a second first electrode on the photoconductor layer, wherein a switching voltage having a potential less than or equal to a potential of the pixel voltage is applied to the second electrode during at least a portion of the standby section, and a bias voltage is applied to the second electrode between the standby section and a next standby section.