The present disclosure provides a photoelectric conversion apparatus which includes a semiconductor substrate, signal output units disposed on the semiconductor substrate, a plurality of photoelectric conversion layers disposed on a surface of the substrate, and an upper electrode in this order. The photoelectric conversion apparatus further includes insulation layers which are disposed between the plurality of photoelectric conversion layers and which have lines connected to power supply units. The upper electrode and the lines are electrically connected to each other on side surfaces of the insulation layers.

The invention concerns a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module comprising at least two electrically connected photovoltaic cells, each photovoltaic cell (4.sub.i) being multi-layered structure disposed on a substrate (6) having down-web direction (X) and a cross-web direction (Y). The method comprises providing a plurality of spaced-apart first electrode strips (8.sub.i) over the substrate (6), each first electrode strip extending along the cross-web direction (Y), and providing, over the first electrode strips layer, at least one insulating strip (14a, 14b) of an insulator material extending along the down-web direction (X), each insulating strip defining a connecting area and an active area. A functional stack (20) comprising a full web coated layer of photoactive semiconductor material is formed over the first layer and within the active area. A plurality of spaced-apart second electrode strips (28.sub.i) are provided within the active area, each second electrode strip extending along the cross-web direction (Y), so as to form photovoltaic cells and a photovoltaic module is formed by electrically connecting at least two adjacent photovoltaic cells, by extending over the insulating strips (14a, 14b) electrical connection patterns to electrically connect, within the connecting area(s), the second electrode strip of an photovoltaic cell to the first electrode strip of an adjacent photovoltaic cell.

The present technology relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a measuring method of the same, a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and a solar cell capable of further improving a quantum efficiency in a photoelectric conversion element using a photoelectric conversion layer including an organic semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion element includes two electrodes forming a positive electrode (11) and a negative electrode (14), at least one charge blocking layer (13, 15) arranged between the two electrodes, and a photoelectric conversion layer (12) arranged between the two electrodes. The at least one charge blocking layer is an electron blocking layer (13) or a hole blocking layer (15), and a potential of the charge blocking layer is bent. The present technology is applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device, a solar cell, and the like having a photoelectric conversion element.

A perovskite solar module and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar module includes: a substrate; a transparent conductive oxide layer provided on at least a part of a surface of the substrate; an electron transport layer provided on at least a part of a surface of the transparent conductive oxide layer facing away from the substrate; a photoactive layer provided on at least a part of a surface of the electron transport layer facing away from the transparent conductive oxide layer; a hole transport layer provided on at least a part of a surface of the photoactive layer facing away from the electron transport layer; an electrode provided on at least a part of a surface of hole transport layer facing away from the photoactive layer; and a barrier layer provided in the photoactive layer and separating the photoactive layer apart from a protrusion of the electrode.

A photovoltaic device (1) is provided with plurality of mutually subsequent photovoltaic device cells (1A, . . . , 1F) arranged along a direction of first device axis (D1). Each pair of a photovoltaic device cell and its successor are serially arranged through an interface region (1CD), further having a bypass function, and which extends along a second axis (D2), transverse to the first axis.

A solar cell system and a flexible solar panel are disclosed herein. The solar cell system includes a glass housing, a set of rows of solar cells each defining a front side and a rear side and arranged within the glass housing. The solar cell system can also include a reflective element disposed in the glass housing and facing the rear side of the set of rows of solar cells and a first terminal coupled to a first end of the set of rows of solar cells, traversing through and sealed against the first end of the glass housing. The solar cell system can be configured with other solar cell systems into the flexible solar panel that is deployable in a wide range of potential applications.

Disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (I):

##STR00001##

in which: Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or an NR.sub.5 group in which R.sub.5 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20, or from optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in the claims. The disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound of general formula (I) can advantageously be used as a spectrum converter in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) which are in turn capable of improving the performance of photovoltaic devices (or solar devices) selected, for example, from photovoltaic cells (or solar cells), photovoltaic modules (or solar modules) on either a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.

Disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound having general formula (I) or (II) and luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) including the same: ##STR00001##
wherein: Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or an NR.sub.6 group wherein R.sub.6 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups, or from optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom; or are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups optionally containing heteroatoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted phenoxy groups, or a cyano group; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, may optionally be bound together to form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound, a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, cyclic or polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, may optionally be bound together so as to form, together with the carbon atoms to which they are bound, a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, cyclic or polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; R.sub.4, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom; or are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups; R.sub.5, identical or different, are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups, optionally containing heteroatoms, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups; n and m, identical or different, are 0 or 1, provided that at least one of n and m is 1.

The present invention pertains to a material for a photoelectric conversion element for use in an imaging element, the material containing a compound represented by formula (1) (in formula (1), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted fused heterocyclic aromatic group). The material can provide a photoelectric conversion element having excellent hole and electron leakage preventing properties, hole and electron transport properties, heat tolerance to processing temperatures, and visible light transparency.

According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a detection device includes: a substrate; a plurality of first optical sensors provided in a detection area of the substrate and comprising an organic material layer having a photovoltaic effect; and at least one or more second optical sensors provided on the substrate and comprising an inorganic material layer having a photovoltaic effect.