A process for the preparation of a disubstituted diaryloxybenzoheterodiazole compound having general formula (XII): ##STR00001## wherein: Z represents a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, a selenium atom; or a group NR.sub.6 wherein R.sub.6 is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups, or from optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, provided that R.sub.1 does not represent a hydrogen atom; or R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups optionally containing heteroatoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted, linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted phenoxy groups, or a cyano group; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, may optionally be bound together so as to form, together with carbon atoms to which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are bound, a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, cyclic or a polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, or selenium; or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may optionally be bound together so as to form, together with carbon atoms to which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bound, a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, cyclic or a polycyclic system containing from 3 to 14 carbon atoms, saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, or selenium; wherein R.sub.a and R.sub.b, which are different, represent a hydrogen atom; or are selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups optionally containing heteroatoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups, optionally substituted linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy groups, optionally substituted phenoxy groups, —COOR.sub.c groups wherein R.sub.c is selected from linear or branched C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups, —CON(R.sub.c).sub.2, wherein R.sub.c has the same meanings described above, or —N(R.sub.c).sub.2 groups wherein R.sub.c has the same meanings described above.

The present invention relates to a solar cell sheet comprising a first and a second substrate, which first and second substrates are flexible and suitable for roll to roll printing, and the solar cell sheet further comprises one or more self-contained solar cell units, wherein each self-contained solar cell unit comprises one or more solar cell modules, and each solar cell module comprises a plurality of serially connected solar cells, wherein each of the solar cell modules comprises: a first substrate portion of the first flexible substrate and a second substrate portion of the second substrate, a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes arranged between the first and second substrate portions; and at least one organic active layer arranged between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes; wherein, a continuous or discontinuous portion of a first adhesive material encircles each of the solar cell units. The present invention further relates to a method for producing the solar cell sheet comprising one or more self-contained solar cell units.

The present invention relates to a solar cell sheet comprising a first and a second substrate, which first and second substrates are flexible and suitable for roll to roll printing, and the solar cell sheet further comprises one or more self-contained solar cell units, wherein each self-contained solar cell unit comprises one or more solar cell modules, and each solar cell module comprises a plurality of serially connected solar cells, wherein each of the solar cell modules comprises: a first substrate portion of the first flexible substrate and a second substrate portion of the second substrate, a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes arranged between the first and second substrate portions; and at least one organic active layer arranged between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes; wherein, a continuous or discontinuous portion of a first adhesive material encircles each of the solar cell units. The present invention further relates to a method for producing the solar cell sheet comprising one or more self-contained solar cell units.

A solar cell module (100) including: a substrate (1); and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements disposed on the substrate (1), each of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements including a first electrode (2a, 2b), an electron transport layer (3, 4), a perovskite layer (5), a hole transport layer (6), and a second electrode (7a, 7b), wherein, within at least two of the photoelectric conversion elements adjacent to each other, the hole transport layers (6) are continuous with each other, and the first electrodes (2a, 2b), the electron transport layers (3, 4), and the perovskite layers (5) are separated by the hole transport layer (6) within the at least two of the photoelectric conversion elements adjacent to each other.

The present disclosure describes a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) panel that includes: a first photovoltaic (PV) layer comprising photovoltaic cells capable of converting energy from incident solar power into electricity; a second transparent layer arranged underneath the first PV layer such that a portion of the incident solar power passes through; and a third thermal collection layer arranged underneath the second transparent layer and comprising absorbing material capable of absorbing energy from the portion of the incident solar power that has passed through the second transparent layer, wherein the second transparent layer includes a thermally insulating material to provide a thermal barrier between the first PV layer and the third thermal collection layer such that when the PV panel is operated, the first PV layer operates at a temperature lower than a temperature of the thermal collection layer.

Disclosed herein is a composition and a method for energy harvesting and the autonomous detection of structural failure. This method can be used to monitor, for example, the structural integrity of unmanned aircraft systems.

An organic solar cell module includes at least one photovoltaic element arranged therein, the photovoltaic element including at least a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode in this order, wherein the organic layer has an organic layer extension part located inside an outer edge of the first electrode and outside an outer edge of the second electrode, and in plan view from a second electrode side, a portion of the organic layer extension part facing an outer edge of the organic solar cell module has a width of 20 μm or less.

A device includes: a substrate; a first cell region including a first lower electrode, a first photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound, and a first upper electrode; a second cell region including a second lower electrode, a second photoelectric conversion layer containing a perovskite compound, and a second upper electrode; and an inter-cell region including a first groove which separates the lower electrodes from each other, a second groove which separates the photoelectric conversion layers from each other, a conductive part which electrically connects the first upper electrode and the second lower electrode, and a third groove which separates the upper electrodes from each other. At least either the substrate including the first and second lower electrodes, or the first and second upper electrodes are formed of a light transmissive material. A member is disposed on the light transmissive material side.

The present technology relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a measuring method of the same, a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and a solar cell capable of further improving a quantum efficiency in a photoelectric conversion element using a photoelectric conversion layer including an organic semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion element includes two electrodes forming a positive electrode (11) and a negative electrode (14), at least one charge blocking layer (13, 15) arranged between the two electrodes, and a photoelectric conversion layer (12) arranged between the two electrodes. The at least one charge blocking layer is an electron blocking layer (13) or a hole blocking layer (15), and a potential of the charge blocking layer is bent. The present technology is applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device, a solar cell, and the like having a photoelectric conversion element.

The present technology relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a measuring method of the same, a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and a solar cell capable of further improving a quantum efficiency in a photoelectric conversion element using a photoelectric conversion layer including an organic semiconductor material. The photoelectric conversion element includes two electrodes forming a positive electrode (11) and a negative electrode (14), at least one charge blocking layer (13, 15) arranged between the two electrodes, and a photoelectric conversion layer (12) arranged between the two electrodes. The at least one charge blocking layer is an electron blocking layer (13) or a hole blocking layer (15), and a potential of the charge blocking layer is bent. The present technology is applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device, a solar cell, and the like having a photoelectric conversion element.