Apparatus for spectrometrically capturing light includes a wavelength-adjustable filter for converting spectral information into location information and an organic photodiode for converting the location information into electrical signals which can be forwarded, wherein the filter and the organic photodiode form a one-piece monolith, the organic photodiode is connected to the filter or the organic photodiode is integrated in the filter, the filter consists of at least one spectrally resolving element in the form of at least one layer-like photonic crystal which constitutes the monolith and in which two layers of variable thickness D are formed along a direction perpendicular to the incidence of light. A resonant layer is arranged between the two layers. The organic photodiode includes: a photoactive layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode sandwiching the photoactive layer, and one of the electrodes is in contact with the photonic crystal.

A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes: a pair of electrodes including a first electrode and a second electrode; a charge separator disposed to make contact with the first electrode; an insulative polarizer disposed to intervene between the charge separator and the second electrode; and an incidence switcher alternately switching between an incident state where a light falls on the charge separator, and a non-incident state where the light does not fall on the charge separator, based on an electromotive force arising between the first electrode and the second electrode. The charge separator separating the charge, the insulative polarizer storing and discharging the separated charge, and the incidence switcher switching between the incident state and the non-incident state make the photoelectric conversion apparatus self-oscillate to sustainably output an alternating current or alternating voltage from the output terminals.

The invention relates to a method for producing a radiation detector used to detect ionizing radiation including a first inorganic-organic halide Perovskite material (24) as a direct converter material and/or as a scintillator material in a detector layer and to a radiation detector comprising a detector layer (24) produced by means of the steps of the method. In order to provide an approach for producing a thick layer (e.g. above 10 ?.Math.?) of Perovskite material suitable for a radiation detector, it is proposed to grow the material selectively on a seeding layer (23), yielding in a thick polycrystalline layer. One suitable seeding layer (23) to grow lead Perovskite material is made of a bromide Perovskite material.

A material comprising an electron-accepting unit of formula (I). According to some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a material comprising an electron-accepting unit of formula (I) wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing N and C ring atoms; Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring containing N and C ring atoms; Ar.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic ring or is absent; Ar.sup.3 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring; Ar.sup.4 is a 5-membered ring or a substituted or unsubstituted 6-membered ring or is absent; Ar.sup.5 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Ar.sup.6 is a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic group containing at least one aromatic or heteroaromatic ring or is absent; and each X is independently a substituent bound to a carbon atom of Ar.sup.3 and, where present, Ar.sup.4 with the proviso that at least one X group is an electron-withdrawing group and wherein the material further comprises a conjugated electron-donating unit. The material may be a polymer comprising repeat units of formula (I). The material may be a non-polymeric compound. An organic photodetector may contain a bulk heterojunction layer containing an electron acceptor or an electron donor wherein at least one of the electron acceptor and electron donor contains a unit of formula (I).

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A display device having a photosensing function is provided. A display device having a biometric authentication function typified by fingerprint authentication is provided. A display device having both a touch panel function and a biometric authentication function is provided. The display device includes a first substrate, a light guide plate, a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a light-receiving element. The first substrate and the light guide plate are provided to face each other. The first light-emitting element and the light-receiving element are provided between the first substrate and the light guide plate. The first light-emitting element has a function of emitting first light through the light guide plate. The second light-emitting element has a function of emitting second light to a side surface of the light guide plate. The light-receiving element has a function of receiving the second light and converting the second light into an electric signal. The first light includes visible light, and the second light includes infrared light.

The resolution of a display apparatus having alight detection function is increased. The display apparatus includes a light-emitting device and a light-emitting and light-receiving device. The light-emitting device includes a first pixel electrode, a first light-emitting layer, and a common electrode; the light-emitting and light-receiving device includes a second pixel electrode, a second light-emitting layer, an active layer, and the common electrode; the active layer includes an organic compound; the first light-emitting layer is positioned between the first pixel electrode and the common electrode; the second light-emitting layer and the active layer are each positioned between the second pixel electrode and the common electrode; the light-emitting device has a function of emitting light of a first color; and the light-emitting and light-receiving device has a function of emitting light of a second color and a function of receiving light of the first color. The light-emitting and light-receiving device functions as both a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device, whereby a pixel can have a light-receiving function without an increase in the number of subpixels included in the pixel. Furthermore, the pixel can be provided with a light-receiving function without a reduction in the resolution of the display apparatus or a reduction in the aperture ratio of each subpixel.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides photodetector devices that may be provided in arrays. The photodetector includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive layer assembly disposed therebetween. The photoactive layer assembly comprises a first charge transport layer, a second charge transport layer, and an amorphous silicon (a-Si) material substantially free of doping and being substantially free of doping disposed between the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer. The photodetector device transmits light in a predetermined range of wavelengths and is capable of generating detectable photocurrent when light having a light intensity of less than or equal to about 50 Lux is directed towards the photodetector device.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides photodetector devices that may be provided in arrays. The photodetector includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive layer assembly disposed therebetween. The photoactive layer assembly comprises a first charge transport layer, a second charge transport layer, and an amorphous silicon (a-Si) material substantially free of doping and being substantially free of doping disposed between the first charge transport layer and the second charge transport layer. The photodetector device transmits light in a predetermined range of wavelengths and is capable of generating detectable photocurrent when light having a light intensity of less than or equal to about 50 Lux is directed towards the photodetector device.

Disclosed is a radiation detection element including: an organic layer configured to generate an electric charge by receiving an incident radioactive ray; a first electrode layer arranged in one side of the organic layer; and a second electrode layer arranged in the other side of the organic layer to face the first electrode layer and provided with a first electrode pattern and a second electrode pattern spaced from the first electrode pattern.

According to an embodiment, a photodetection element includes a photoelectric conversion layer having a density increasing from one end side to another end side in a thickness direction and a uniform composition in the thickness direction to convert energy of radiation into charges.