Light emitting devices are provided that include an outcoupling layer in which asymmetric nanoparticles are disposed, where the nanoparticles are aligned such that the difference between each nanoparticle's major axis and the average direction of the major axes of all nanoparticles is minimized. The use of aligned, physically asymmetric nanoparticles leads to improved outcoupling and performance of the device.

A method for manufacturing a mask includes providing a mask mother substrate including a first portion and a plurality of second portions adjacent to the first portion, forming a reflecting plate on the mask mother substrate, forming a photoresist layer on the reflecting plate, removing a third portion of the photoresist layer that overlaps the plurality of second portions using an auxiliary mask, removing a fourth portion of the reflecting plate that overlaps the plurality of second portions, and removing the plurality of second portions of the mask mother substrate using a laser.

A method for manufacturing a mask may include the following steps: preparing a substrate; providing a first coating, which may be optically transparent, may cover a covered portion of the substrate, and may expose exposed portions of the substrate; forming a scattering layer between the first coating layer and the covered portion of the substrate; and removing the exposed portions of the substrate to form mask holes.

A substrate is for use in manufacturing a display device. The substrate includes a first area that corresponds to pixel positions. The substrate further includes a second area adjacent to the first area. The substrate further includes a first mark disposed in the second area, wherein a first virtual line corresponds to the first mark. The substrate further includes a second mark disposed in the second area and spaced from the first mark, wherein a second virtual line corresponds to the second mark and intersects the first virtual line at a virtual reference point. The substrate further includes an indicator disposed in the second area, spaced from the first mark and the second mark, and corresponding to an opening of a mask, wherein a positional relation between the virtual reference point and a point of the indicator represents a positional relation between the substrate and the mask.

A source of material for use in a deposition system includes one or more baffles or equivalent structures within the source. The baffles provide for increased concentration of material entrained in a carrier gas that is passed through and emitted by the source.

A method for fabricating a multifunctional composite panel is disclosed. The method can include forming a plurality of structural layers, and forming a plurality of photovoltaic layers adjacent the plurality of structural layers. Forming the plurality of structural layers can include forming alternating layers of a conductive organic material and an inorganic material. Forming the alternating layers can include forming a first layer from the conductive organic material, and forming a second layer adjacent the first layer from the inorganic material. The multifunctional composite panel can have a thickness of from about 1 mm to about 30 mm.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer comprises an emission layer, a mixed layer, and a hole transport region, the hole transport region is between the emission layer and the first electrode, the mixed layer is between the hole transport region and the emission layer, and comprises a first compound and a second compound, the first compound comprises an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 1, and the second compound comprises an amine-based compound represented by Formula 2. A display apparatus includes the organic light-emitting device.

Measurements on organic single crystals reveal remarkable optical and electrical characteristics compared to disordered films but practical device applications require uniform, pinhole-free films. Disclosed herein is a process to reliably convert as-deposited amorphous thin films to ones that are highly crystalline, with grains on the order of hundreds of microns. The disclosed method results in films that are pinhole-free and that possess grains that individually are single crystal domains.

An optoelectronic device includes a stack of layers that are arranged on an electrically insulating substrate, including at least one cathode made of a material of work function .sub.1; one electron-collecting layer that is arranged above the cathode and that is made of a material of work function .sub.2 and of sheet resistance R; and one active layer comprising at least one p-type organic semiconductor the energy level of which is HO1, wherein the work function .sub.2 of the electron-collecting layer and the energy level HO1 of the active layer form a potential barrier able to block the injection of holes from the cathode into the active layer; and the sheet resistance R of the electron-collecting layer is higher than or equal to 10.sup.8.

A manufacturing method of an organic electronic device of the present invention, includes: a removing step of removing a volatile component from a flexible base material; a fixing step of fixing the flexible base material onto a support substrate via an adhesive layer; and a forming step of forming a device main body sequentially including a first electrode layer, at least one organic functional layer, and a second electrode layer on the flexible base material that is fixed onto the support substrate, on a side opposite to the support substrate, in this order, in which a vapor pressure of the volatile component is greater than or equal to 101325 Pa within a temperature range from 20 C. to a melting point of a parent resin of the flexible base material.