Techniques and devices are provided for attaching a die to a metal manifold. A metal-containing ink is used to deposit a metal trace on the die and thereby to form a gasket, after which the die is compressed against the manifold to form a sealed connection between the two.

Provided is a deposition apparatus for an organic light emitting diode, in which maint operations with deposition material are carried out independently by including an auxiliary chamber, thereby shortening the evaluation time of a deposition material.

An ink printing process employs per-nozzle droplet volume measurement and processing software that plans droplet combinations to reach specific aggregate ink fills per target region, guaranteeing compliance with minimum and maximum ink fills set by specification. In various embodiments, different droplet combinations are produced through different print head/substrate scan offsets, offsets between print heads, the use of different nozzle drive waveforms, and/or other techniques. Optionally, patterns of fill variation can be introduced so as to mitigate observable line effects in a finished display device. The disclosed techniques have many other possible applications.

Embodiments of this application provide a perovskite solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and an electric device. The perovskite solar cell includes: a back plate; a transparent substrate, where a sealed cavity is formed between the transparent substrate and the back plate; and a perovskite solar cell device, where the perovskite solar cell device is located in the sealed cavity; where the sealed cavity contains ammonia gas having a volume fraction of 10%-100% and residual inert gas. The 10%-100% ammonia gas can improve chemical stability of a perovskite material, thus improving thermal stability of the perovskite solar cell device, and further improving efficiency and service life of the perovskite solar cell.

A method for providing a substrate coating comprises transferring a substrate to an enclosed ink jet printing system; printing organic material in a deposition region of the substrate using the enclosed ink jet printing system, the deposition region comprising at least a portion of an active region of a light-emitting device on the substrate; loading the substrate with the organic material deposited thereon to an enclosed curing module; supporting the substrate in the enclosed curing module, the supporting the substrate comprising floating the substrate on a gas cushion established by a floatation support apparatus; and while supporting the substrate in the enclosed curing module, curing the organic material deposited on the substrate to form an organic film layer.

An in-situ flash evaporation film forming apparatus for a perovskite solar cell includes a platform; a substrate disposed on the platform and configured to form a film layer; and a cavity cover movably disposed up and down on the platform, and being able to enclose the substrate into a closed cavity surrounded by the cavity cover and the platform, a vacuum pipe being disposed on the cavity cover and being able to communicate the closed cavity with a vacuum pump.

A method of forming single crystal perovskite according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: forming a preliminary thin film by applying a perovskite precursor solution containing an additive on a substrate; exposing the preliminary thin film to a vacuum state by transferring the preliminary thin film to a vacuum chamber; and switching an internal pressure of the vacuum chamber to an atmospheric pressure, wherein the additive includes a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 aliphatic ammonium salt, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic ammonium salt, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 aliphatic amine salt, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic amine salt, or a combination thereof.

A perovskite solar battery, including a transparent conductive glass substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, and an electrode are described. The hole transport layer is a nickel oxide hole transport layer. Simple-substance nickel exists on a contact surface of the hole transport layer in contact with the perovskite light-absorbing layer. On the contact surface of the hole transport layer in contact with the perovskite light-absorbing layer, a ratio between simple-substance nickel and trivalent nickel is 85:15 to 99:1, optionally 90:10 to 99:1, and further optionally 95:5 to 99:1. This application further provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar battery.

An organic-inorganic hybrid layer, an organic-inorganic laminate having the same, and an organic electronic device having the same as a gas barrier are provided. The organic-inorganic laminate may include at least two metal oxide layers; and an organic-inorganic hybrid layer disposed between the metal oxide layers and including at least one unit layer including a metal atomic layer and an organic molecular layer represented by Formula 1 or 2 below:

(—X.sub.aR.sub.a)(X.sub.b1R.sub.b)C(R.sub.cX.sub.c—)(R.sub.dX.sub.d—)  [Formula 1]

(—X.sub.aR.sub.a)(—X.sub.b2R.sub.b)C(R.sub.cX.sub.c—)(R.sub.dX.sub.d—)  [Formula 2]

In Formula 1 or Formula 2, a plurality of — means a bond with a metal in the metal atomic layer or the metal oxide layer regardless of each other, and X.sub.a, X.sub.b2, X.sub.c, and X.sub.d are O, S, Se or NH regardless of each other, X.sub.b1 is hydrogen, and R.sub.a, R.sub.b, R.sub.c, and R.sub.d are, irrespective of each other, a bond or a C1 to C5 alkylene group.

A photoelectric conversion device in an embodiment includes a first photoelectric conversion part including a first transparent electrode, a first photoelectric conversion layer, and a first counter electrode and a second photoelectric conversion part including a second transparent electrode, a second photoelectric conversion layer, and a second counter electrode, the first photoelectric conversion part and the second photoelectric conversion part being provided on a transparent substrate. The first counter electrode and the second transparent electrode are electrically connected by a connection part. As for the first photoelectric conversion layer and the second photoelectric conversion layer, adjacent portions of the adjacent first and second photoelectric conversion layers are electrically separated by an inactive region having electrical resistance higher than that of the first and second photoelectric conversion layers.