Polymers comprising at least one unit of formulae ##STR00001## and compounds of the formulae ##STR00002## wherein, in formulae 1, 1′, 2 and 2′ n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 M1 and M2 are independently of each other an aromatic or heteroaromatic monocyclic or bicyclic ring system; X is at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of O, S, Se or Te, Q is at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of C, Si or Ge R is at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-100-alkyl, C.sub.2-100-alkenyl, C.sub.2-100-alkynyl, C.sub.5-12-cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-18-aryl, a 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl, C(O)—C.sub.1-100-alkyl, C(O)—C.sub.5-12-cycloalkyl and C(O)—OC.sub.1-100-alkyl. R.sup.2, R.sup.2′, R.sup.2″, R* are at each occurrence independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1-30-alkyl, C.sub.2-30-alkenyl, C.sub.2-30-alkynyl, C.sub.5-12-cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-18-aryl, 5 to 20 membered heteroaryl, OR.sup.21, OC(O)—R.sup.21, C(O)—OR.sup.21, C(O)—R.sup.21, NR.sup.21R.sup.22, NR.sup.21—C(O)R.sup.22, C(O)—NR.sup.21R.sup.22, N[C(O)R.sup.21][C(O)R.sup.22], SR.sup.21, halogen, CN, SiR.sup.SisR.sup.SitR.sup.Siu and OH, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 are independently from each other and at each occurrence selected from the group consisting of C.sub.6-30-arylene, 5 to 30 membered heteroarylene, ##STR00003##

A method for manufacturing an organic electro-luminescent (EL) element includes: a first process of preparing an organic EL element which includes a positive electrode, an organic layer which includes a light-emitting layer, and a negative electrode, the organic EL element having a short-circuited portion where the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited; and a second process of emitting femtosecond laser light to at least one of: the transparent electrically conductive material layer and the metal layer in a short-circuited portion; and the transparent electrically conductive material layer and the metal layer around the short-circuited portion to bring the transparent electrically conductive material layer and the metal layer into high-resistance states.

An organic thin film transistor and a method of manufacturing the same, the transistor including a gate electrode; an organic semiconductor layer overlapping the gate electrode; and an insulating layer between the gate electrode and the organic semiconductor layer, the insulating layer having an organic/inorganic hybrid region, wherein the organic/inorganic hybrid region includes a polymer and an inorganic material that is chemically bonded to the polymer through a reactive group on the polymer, and the insulating layer includes a space adjacent to the polymer, the inorganic material being positioned in the space.

The present disclosure provides a light-emitting device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, and a hole transport layer between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The hole transport layer includes a first compound and a second compound, and an absolute value of an energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the second compound is greater than or equal to 5 eV and less than or equal to 6.5 eV.

A photoelectric conversion element includes: a first substrate; a first electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer; a second electrode; a sealing part; and a second substrate. The photoelectric conversion element is translucent. The second electrode includes a conductive nanowire and a conductive polymer. The sealing part includes a drying agent.

A photoelectric conversion element includes: a first substrate; a first electrode; a photoelectric conversion layer; a second electrode; a sealing part; and a second substrate. The photoelectric conversion element is translucent. The second electrode includes a conductive nanowire and a conductive polymer. The sealing part includes a drying agent.

The present disclosure provides a co-host material, a composition for forming a light emitting layer, and a light emitting device. The co-host material can at least partially solve the difficulty in the limited selection of thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials in the existing light emitting devices, and the difficulty in providing a light emitting layer of a blue light emitting device. The co-host material comprises a first compound and a second compound each having a specific general formula.

The present invention is a substrate for a display, the substrate having a film B including a polysiloxane resin on at least one surface of a film A including a polyimide resin, wherein the film B contains inorganic oxide particles therein, and the present invention has an object to provide a substrate for a display: being able to be applied to a color filter, an organic EL element, or the like without the need to carry out any complex operations; allowing high-definition displays to be manufactured; and being provided with a low CTE, a low birefringence, and flexibility.

A light-emitting element is provided. The light-emitting element includes first and second electrodes and an EL layer therebetween. The EL layer includes a light-emitting layer containing first and second substances. The amount of the first substance is larger than that of the second substance. The second substance emits light. Average transition dipole moments of the second substance are divided into three components in x-, y-, and z-directions which are orthogonal to each other. Components parallel to the first or second electrode are assumed to be the components in the x- and y-directions, and a component perpendicular to the first or second electrode is assumed to be the component in the z-direction. The proportion of the component in the z-direction is represented by a, which is less than or equal to 0.2.

Failure light emission of an EL element due to failure film formation of an organic EL material in an electrode hole 46 is improved. By forming the organic EL material after embedding an insulator in an electrode hole 46 on a pixel electrode and forming a protective portion 41b, failure film formation in the electrode hole 46 can be prevented. This can prevent concentration of electric current due to a short circuit between a cathode and an anode of the EL element, and can prevent failure light emission of an EL layer.