An object is to provide a semiconductor material and coating having high solubility in solvents and having advantageous filling property, high heat resistance, and/or high etching resistance. Another object is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor using the semiconductor material. Still another object is to provide a novel compound. Provided are: a semiconductor material consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative; methods for manufacturing a coating and a semiconductor using the semiconductor material; and a compound consisting of a specific aromatic hydrocarbon ring derivative.

Provided are devices and methods to detect the presence of volatile organic compounds related to the presence of a disease state in a biological sample. The devices may include a detection moiety such as a polynucleotide in electronic communication with a semiconductor such as graphene or a carbon nanotube.

The invention relates to two dimensional (2D) heterostructures and methods of fabricating the same. The 2D hetero structures are integration of borophene with graphene and 2D lateral and vertical hetero structures with sharp and rotationally commensurate interfaces. The rich bonding configurations of boron indicate that borophene can be integrated into a diverse range of 2D heterostructures.

A photovoltaic solar cell apparatus is described herein combining the advantages of several discoveries that address the previously unsolved problem of creating high conversion efficiency solar cells at a low cost. The solar cell designs and underlying principals disclosed herein may be applied in any type of photovoltaic solar power application, such as large scale photovoltaic solar plants, rooftop panels, solar powered electronic devices, and many others.

Provided are an optical sensor including graphene quantum dots and an image sensor including an optical sensing layer. The optical sensor may include a graphene quantum dot layer that includes a plurality of first graphene quantum dots bonded to a first functional group and a plurality of second graphene quantum dots bonded to a second functional group that is different from the first functional group. An absorption wavelength band of the optical sensor may be adjusted based on types of functional groups bonded to the respective graphene quantum dots and/or sizes of the graphene quantum dots.

A memory device includes a bottom electrode, an insulating layer, and a top electrode. The bottom electrode includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The insulating layer is disposed over the plurality of carbon nanotubes. The top electrode includes a graphene layer separated from the plurality of carbon nanotubes by the insulating layer.

A photovoltaic solar cell apparatus is described herein combining the advantages of several discoveries that address the previously unsolved problem of creating high conversion efficiency solar cells at a low cost. The solar cell designs and underlying principals disclosed herein may be applied in any type of photovoltaic solar power application, such as large scale photovoltaic solar plants, rooftop panels, solar powered electronic devices, and many others.

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting compounds containing a polycyclic unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions, polymer blends and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, compositions and polymer blends as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD, OFET and OLED devices comprising these compounds, compositions or polymer blends.

A method of forming a memory device includes the following steps. A plurality of carbon nanotubes are formed over a substrate as a first electrode. An insulating layer is formed over the carbon nanotubes. A graphene is formed over the insulating layer as a second electrode separated from the first electrode by the insulating layer.

A field effect transistor includes a semiconductor substrate, a first pad layer, carbon nanotubes and a gate structure. The first pad layer is disposed over the semiconductor substrate and comprises a 2D material. The carbon nanotubes are disposed over the first insulating pad layer. The gate structure is disposed over the semiconductor substrate and is vertically stacked with the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes extend from one side to an opposite side of the gate structure.