An electrochemical device for identifying electroactive analytes. The device includes a substrate; a sample region; a counter electrode; a reference electrode; a working electrode disposed in communication with the substrate, and the working electrode may be an electron conducting fiber. Further, the counter electrode, reference electrode, and working electrode are partially disposed in the sample region configured to be exposed to the electroactive analyte. Further yet, a counter electrode channel, reference electrode channel, and working electrode channel are disposed in the substrate configured to: accommodate each of the counter electrode, reference electrode, and working electrode, respectively, for placement in the respective channels.

A composition comprising a first organic electron donor material having an absorption maximum greater than 900 nm; a second organic electron donor material having an absorption maximum at a shorter wavelength than the first organic electron donor material; and an organic electron acceptor material. The composition may be used in an organic photodetector.

A fullerene derivative has a structure of formula (1) or formula (2): wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, * is a carbon atom at the point of attachment to a fullerene core, X is O, S, Se, or Te, and R is an organic group.

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A solar cell includes a first electrode, a first electron transport layer, a second electron transport layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode. The first electron transport layer includes carbon and a porous electron transport material.

Provided are soluble graphene quantum dots and light-emitting devices including the same. The soluble graphene quantum dot has an anthracenyl N-alkyl maleimide functional group at an edge thereof, thereby exhibiting improved solubility and/or improved emission characteristics.

A head mount display device, includes: a display panel; and an optical system positioned in front of the display panel. The display panel sequentially includes a light emitting element part, a third retarder, a reflective polarizer, and an absorptive polarizer, where the third retarder is positioned in front of the light emitting element part; and the optical system includes: a first curved lens, which is positioned to face the display panel, and includes a first retarder positioned on a first surface facing the display panel and a beam splitter positioned on a second surface thereof opposite to the first surface; and a second curved lens, which is positioned to face the beam splitter, and includes a second retarder positioned a first surface thereof facing the beam splitter and a second reflective polarizer positioned on a second surface thereof opposite to the first surface of the second curved lens.

Provided are devices and methods to detect the presence of volatile organic compounds related to the presence of a disease state in a biological sample. The devices may include a detection moiety such as a polynucleoide in electronic communication with a semiconductor such as graphene or a carbon nanotube.

Provided are devices and methods to detect the presence of volatile organic compounds related to the presence of a disease state in a biological sample. The devices may include a detection moiety such as a polynucleoide in electronic communication with a semiconductor such as graphene or a carbon nanotube.

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a first layer that includes at least one of a semiconducting material, a hole transport material (HTM), and/or an electron transport material (ETM), a second layer, and a third layer that includes a material that is at least one of transparent or conductive, where the second layer is positioned between the first layer and the third layer, the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are in electrical contact with each other, and the third layer has a first thickness between greater than zero nm and about 100 nm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the semiconducting material may include a perovskite.

A method for making a strain sensor is provided. The method includes growing an iron (Fe) thin seed layer with patterns on a top surface of a silicon oxide isolation layer formed on a top surface of a silicon wafer; synthesizing a plurality of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) on top surfaces of the iron (Fe) thin seed layer to form electrodes of the strain sensor;

forming a first polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer disposed on and between adjacent VACNTs of the plurality of VACNTs; peeling the first PDMS layer and the plurality of VACNTs embedded in the first PDMS layer off from the top surface of the silicon oxide isolation layer; and forming a second PDMS layer on a bottom surface of the plurality of VACNTs embedded in the first PDMS layer.