A light-emitting element includes a first semiconductor layer doped to have a first polarity; a second semiconductor layer doped to have a second polarity that is different from the first polarity; an active layer placed between the first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer; and an insulating layer surrounding at least the outer surface of the active material. The insulating layer includes an insulating film surrounding the active layer, and an element dispersion agent including a magnetic metal and bonded to an outer surface of the insulating film.

Photodiodes configured to convert incident photons in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) to electric current, where the photodiodes have a PbS/PbCl.sub.x core/shell nanocrystal absorber layer. The PbCl.sub.x shell in the PbS/PbCl.sub.x nanocrystals provide native passivation in the (100) crystal facets and enable removal of pre-device processing ligands and ligand exchange on the (111) crystal facets of the PbS/PbCl.sub.x nanocrystals such that the photodiode exhibits reduced current densities under reverse bias and greater infrared photoresponse, providing improved device performance as compared to photodiodes having absorber layers formed from PbS core nanocrystals alone.

Photodiodes configured to convert incident photons in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) to electric current, where the photodiodes have a PbS/PbCl.sub.x core/shell nanocrystal absorber layer. The PbCl.sub.x shell in the PbS/PbCl.sub.x nanocrystals provide native passivation in the (100) crystal facets and enable removal of pre-device processing ligands and ligand exchange on the (111) crystal facets of the PbS/PbCl.sub.x nanocrystals such that the photodiode exhibits reduced current densities under reverse bias and greater infrared photoresponse, providing improved device performance as compared to photodiodes having absorber layers formed from PbS core nanocrystals alone.

Provided are an organic electroluminescent material and device. The organic electroluminescent material is a metal complex comprising a ligand L.sub.a having a structure of Formula 1. When applied to organic electroluminescent devices, these metal complexes can provide very good device performance, especially an extended device lifetime and improved device efficiency and have a huge application prospect in aspects of white and low blue light sources. Further provided are an organic electroluminescent device comprising the metal complex and a compound composition comprising the metal complex.

A light emitting element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode is provided. The emission layer includes an organometallic compound represented by a specific chemical structure. Accordingly, the light emitting element exhibits a high color purity, a low driving voltage, a long service life, and a high efficiency.

Devices having multiple multicomponent emissive layers are provided, where each multicomponent EML includes at least three components. Each of the components in each EML is a host material or an emitter. The devices have improved color stability and relatively high luminance.

An organic borane complex contains, as a component, triarylborane having an enhanced bonding between a boron atom and a carbon atom on an aryl group. The organic borane complex contains, as a component, triarylborane having a structure represented by the following general formula (1), wherein X1 and X2 each independently represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; X3 and X4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, or X3 and X4 are linked together to be a single atom; R1 to R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; and p, q and r each independently represent an integer of 1 to 3. Also disclosed are a composition containing organic borane, and an organic electroluminescent element.

Methods of passivating surfaces, composite materials, and electronic devices including the composite materials. The composite materials can include a passivated film, such as a metal halide perovskite passivated with an organic dye. The electronic devices may include solar cells.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a scaffold having an internal space and a mixture positioned within the space, where the mixture includes a first phase having a metal halide perovskite and a second phase including at least one of a perovskite precursor and/or a switching molecule, the composition is capable of reversibly switching between a first state having at least one of a first transparency and/or a first color and a second state having at least one of a second transparency and/or a second color.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes a scaffold having an internal space and a mixture positioned within the space, where the mixture includes a first phase having a metal halide perovskite and a second phase including at least one of a perovskite precursor and/or a switching molecule, the composition is capable of reversibly switching between a first state having at least one of a first transparency and/or a first color and a second state having at least one of a second transparency and/or a second color.