Light emitting electrochemical cell devices comprising chiral liquid crystalline materials. The chiral liquid crystalline material mixtures of the devices function as both electrolytes and as light emitting materials. The chiral liquid crystalline material mixtures also form photonic crystal structures creating a photonic stop band. The presence of the photonic stop band enables the light emitting electrochemical cell devices to emit light with improved energy efficiency.

An electroluminescent device having improved solvent resistance and high performance (high luminous efficiency and long luminous lifetime), for example, a quantum dot electroluminescent device, is provided, wherein the electroluminescent device includes a laminate comprising a hole transport layer and an emitting layer, wherein the hole transport layer comprises a first organic compound and a second organic compound having hole transport properties, the first organic compound being an amine-based polymer, the second organic compound being a liquid crystalline compound, and the hole transport layer comprising a domain of the liquid crystalline compound.

Disclosed herein are light emitting device that emit highly circularly polarized light. These devices may be used to form a dot-matrix display or an electronic information display comprised of a series of photopolymerizable, chiral liquid crystalline layers that can be solvent cast on a substrate. The mixture of chiral materials in each successive layer may be blended in such a way that each layer has the same chiral pitch and may also be blended so that the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in each layer match the other layers such that the complete assembly of layers will optically function as a single relatively thick layer or chiral liquid crystal. The chiral nematic material in each layer can spontaneously adopt a helical structure with a helical pitch. Further disclosed are pixel structures that not only emit light with brightness and chromaticity information, but also depth of focus information as well.

Provided are a photon up-conversion film, a photon up-conversion body, a laminate, and an energy conversion device, which are capable of high-efficiency up-conversion, and methods of producing the same. The photon up-conversion film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a color-forming portion containing at least: a sensitizing component capable of absorbing light in a first wavelength region 1; and a light-emitting component capable of radiating light in a second wavelength region 2 including wavelengths shorter than those of the first wavelength region 1. A relaxation time of the photon up-conversion film measured by a spin-echo method through use of time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (pulse NMR) at 298 K is less than 210 ms.