A polarizer for a display device is disclosed. In one aspect, the polarizer includes a linear polarizer and a phase retardation layer on the linear polarizer and comprising a quarter-wave plate and a half-wave plate. The half-wave plate includes a refractive index anisotropic layer. The refractive index anisotropic layer has a refractive index Nx defined in a direction of an x axis, a refractive index Ny defined in a direction of a y axis, and a refractive index Nz defined in a direction of a z axis, wherein Nx=Nz>Ny.

The present embodiments provide a flexible, lightweight and highly efficient photoelectric conversion device and further provide a manufacturing method thereof. The photoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment comprises a laminate structure of a substrate, an ITO electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer and a counter electrode. When subjected to surface X-ray diffraction analysis, the ITO electrode shows an X-ray diffraction profile characterized in that the peak at a diffraction peak position in the range of 2?=30.6?0.5? has a half-width of 1.0? or less. The ITO electrode in the device can be formed by forming an amorphous-phase ITO film on the substrate and then by subjecting the film to annealing treatment at a temperature of 200? or less.

Provided is a composition which is to be a raw material of a polarizing film having excellent light fastness. The composition includes a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein E represents an electron attractive group having at least 3 carbon atoms or the following group: ##STR00002##
wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;
Ar represents a group selected from the following groups: ##STR00003##
and A represents a group selected from the following groups: ##STR00004##
wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, and l, m, n, p, and q are defined in the specification.

Disclosed are a 3D display panel and the 3D display device. The 3D display panel includes a base plate, a plurality of pixel units, and first and second light emission units. Each of the pixel units includes at least one the sub-pixel, which includes primary and secondary pixel respectively corresponding to the first and second light emission units. Each of the two light emission units includes an anode, a hole transportation layer, an orientation layer, a light emissive layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode that are sequentially stacked. In the first and second light emission units, the orientation layers set the orientations of the light emissive layers to first and second orientation states, respectively, and first and second electrons and first and second holes respectively generated by the cathodes and anodes are recombined in the light emissive layers to respectively emit first and polarization light, which are orthogonal.

Provided are a polymerizable composition in which precipitation or the like of crystals does not occur and which has high storage stability; and a polymerizable composition in which unevenness is unlikely to occur when a film-like polymerized material obtained by polymerizing the composition is prepared. Further, provided are an optically anisotropic body, a retardation film, an optical compensation film, an anti-reflective film, a lens, and a lens sheet which are formed of the polymerizable composition, a liquid crystal display element, an organic light-emitting display element, a lighting element, an optical component, a colorant, a security marking, a member for emitting a laser, a polarizing film, a coloring material, and a printed matter for which the polymerizable composition is used.

A polarizer for a display device is disclosed. In one aspect, the polarizer includes a linear polarizer and a phase retardation layer on the linear polarizer and comprising a quarter-wave plate and a half-wave plate. The half-wave plate includes a refractive index anisotropic layer. The refractive index anisotropic layer has a refractive index Nx defined in a direction of an x axis, a refractive index Ny defined in a direction of a y axis, and a refractive index Nz defined in a direction of a z axis, wherein Nx=Nz>Ny.

Disclosed are a 3D display panel and the 3D display device. The 3D display panel includes a base plate, a plurality of pixel units, and first and second light emission units. Each of the pixel units includes at least one the sub-pixel, which includes primary and secondary pixel respectively corresponding to the first and second light emission units. Each of the two light emission units includes an anode, a hole transportation layer, an orientation layer, a light emissive layer, an electron transportation layer, and a cathode that are sequentially stacked. In the first and second light emission units, the orientation layers set the orientations of the light emissive layers to first and second orientation states, respectively, and first and second electrons and first and second holes respectively generated by the cathodes and anodes are recombined in the light emissive layers to respectively emit first and polarization light, which are orthogonal.

The invention provides photopolymerisable or photocrosslinkable reactive mesogen for forming a hole-transporting or light emitting polymer network, said mesogen having the structure (III) wherein M is a chromophoric aromatic or heterocyclic moiety; A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are carbazole groups substituted in the 3-position of the carbazole ring, and may be the same or different; S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 are spacers, and may be the same or different; B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are polymerisable groups, and may be the same or different; and m and n are independently integers from 1 to 10. The invention also provides a material for forming a light emitting or charge transporting polymer network comprising the photopolymerisable or photocrosslinkable reactive mesogen, a charge transporting or light emitting polymer network which is obtained by polymerisation or crosslinking of the mesogen, a process for the preparation of the polymer via photopolymerisation or photocrosslinking of suitable end-groups of the mesogen, a device comprising a polymer layer formed from the charge transporting or light emitting polymer network, a process for applying a charge transporting or light emitting polymer network to a surface and a backlight or display comprising a charge transporting or light emitting polymer network.

A display may include an optical film to promote sunglass-friendly viewing of the display. Displays may include linear polarizers. For example, a liquid crystal display may have a linear polarizer above a liquid crystal layer, whereas an organic light-emitting diode display may have a linear polarizer that forms a portion of a circular polarizer to reduce reflections in the display. Displays that emit linearly polarized light may not be compatible with polarized sunglasses. To ensure an optimal user experience for users wearing sunglasses, displays may include sunglass-friendly optical films. A sunglass-friendly optical film may be a film formed from a birefringent material such as a polymer or liquid crystal. The sunglass-friendly optical film may have an optical axis that is at a 45 angle relative to the optical axis of the underlying linear polarizer. The sunglass-friendly optical film may be patterned to have reduced thickness regions.

A compound serving as a dichroic pigment which has a maximum absorption wavelength in a range of 350 nm to 510 nm is represented by the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

In Formula (1), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-C20 alkyl group; R.sup.2 through R.sup.4 are substituents which are not hydrogen atoms and each independently represent a C1-C4 alkyl group; m, p, and q are each independently an integer of 0 to 2; and R.sup.5 is (i) a C1-C10 alkyl group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted by at least one hydroxy group or (ii) a C1-C10 alkyl group which has carbon atoms and in which at least one O is inserted between the carbon atoms.