Methods for detecting analytes using a biological field-effect transistor (BioFET) are disclosed. In some implementations, the method includes exposing a three-dimensional (3D) graphene layer biofunctionalized with a biological recognition element to a target analyte, providing a well region containing an electrolyte solution configured to retain the target analyte, allowing the target analyte to disperse throughout the electrolyte solution and bind with the biological recognition element, detecting a change in electrical properties of the 3D graphene layer in response to the target analyte binding with the biological recognition element, determining a presence of the target analyte based on the change in electrical properties, and outputting an indication of the determined presence of the target analyte. In some aspects, the 3D graphene layer may operate as a channel for the BioFET.

The invention provides reversible bio sensitized photoelectric conversion and H.sub.2 to electricity conversion devices which use one or more of a proton pumping photoactive biological layers to generate a proton gradient that is harnessed to produce electrical energy. It is also provided a photoelectric conversion element that incorporates the device of the present invention.

In some embodiments, a bioelectronic device includes an electrode, target proteins, and attachment mechanisms that immobilize the target proteins on the electrode, the attachment mechanisms comprising linker proteins that interface with the target proteins and attach the target proteins to the electrode.

A flexible device (1) includes an insulating substrate (2), a source electrode (3), a drain electrode (4), and an extended gate electrode (5) formed on a surface of the insulating substrate (2) at intervals, a channel (6) arranged at an interval between the source electrode (3) and the drain electrode (4), and a gate dielectric (7) formed so as to cover all of the channel (6) and a part of the extended gate electrode (5), in which the insulating substrate (2) is a flexible thin film having light transmissivity, the extended gate electrode (5) is a carbon material thin film having biocompatibility and light transmissivity, the channel (6) is an organic semiconductor thin film, and the gate dielectric (7) is an ionic liquid or an ionic gel.

Amphiphilic co-polymer lipid particle has a core comprising a chlorophyll pigment-protein complex or a bacteriochlorophyll pigment-protein complex within an annulus of membrane lipids, and an outermost layer of amphiphilic co-polymer surrounding an outermost surface of the membrane lipids. Such lipid particles are made by isolating photosynthetic membrane to form isolated photosynthetic membrane, adjusting the chlorophyll concentration of the isolated photosynthetic membrane, and solubilizing the isolated photosynthetic membranes in an amphiphilic co-polymer for a preselected time period that allows amphiphilic co-polymer lipid particles to form. The amphiphilic co-polymer lipid particles form a layer between a cathode and an anode in a photo-electrical energy generating device, and methods of making the same, including a layer of detergent micelles encapsulating lipid proteins rather than amphiphilic co-polymer lipid particles.

Embodiments relate to a light-harvesting perovskite layer including having deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules incorporated within the perovskite crystal to serve as an effective carrier transport medium. Some embodiments include formation of a DNA doped MAPbI.sub.3, the DNA doped MAPbI.sub.3 being formed by using a DNA-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (“DNA-CTMA”) complex. The DNA doped MAPbI.sub.3 can be used as the light-harvesting perovskite layer in a photovoltaic device. Other molecules such as artemisinin (ART) and melanin are also demonstrated to show the effectiveness in charge and thermal transport.

The present invention relates to a tuneable optical microcavity, characterised in that it comprises electrodes (12) on substrates (11), wherein the electrodes are comprised in the structure of dielectric or metal mirrors (13), or each of the electrodes has at least one dielectric or metal minor (13) on it, or the electrodes are semitransparent metal minors (13), wherein the mirrors are preferably located at a separation being a multiple of ½ lambda, where lambda is the central wavelength of the cavity mode, the cavity between the mirrors being filled with material (15) that changes the effective refractive index under the influence of external fields, preferably such as electric, magnetic field, thermal and mechanical stress.

The present disclosure provides a quantum-dot display substrate, a method for preparing the same, and a display device. The quantum dot display substrate includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a quantum-dot-emitting layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the quantum-dot-emitting layer includes: a DNA single-stranded structure of a specific pattern, with quantum dots attached to the DNA single-stranded structure.

A nanostructured cross-wire memory architecture is provided that can interface with conventional semiconductor technologies and be electrically accessed and read. The architecture links lower and upper sets of generally parallel nanowires oriented crosswise, with a memory element that has a characteristic conductance. Each nanowire end is attached to an electrode. Conductance of the linkages in the gap between the wires encodes the information. The nanowires may be highly-conductive, self-assembled, nucleic acid-based nanowires enhanced with dopants including metal ions, carbon, metal nanoparticles and intercalators. Conductance of the memory elements can be controlled by sequence, length, conformation, doping, and number of pathways between nanowires. A diode can also be connected in series with each of the memory elements. Linkers may also be redox or electroactive switching molecules or nanoparticles where the charge state changes the resistance of the memory element.

A spin-selective conduction structure comprises a crystal having a monolayer of metal atoms between two layers of chiral organic molecules. Each metal atom is coupled to two chiral organic molecules, one at each layer, wherein a chirality of organic molecules in one of the two layers is the same as a chirality of organic molecules in another one of the two layers.