Provided are compounds comprising a ligand L.sub.A, wherein the ligand L.sub.A comprises a structure of

##STR00001##

wherein:
moiety A is a monocyclic or polycyclic fused ring system comprising one or more 5-membered and/or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings; at least one of R or R′ is fluorine; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each of R.sup.A, R, and R′ is independently a hydrogen or a substituent and combinations thereof; wherein the ligand L.sub.A is coordinated to a metal M selected from the group consisting of Os, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, and Au, Also provided are formulations comprising these compounds. Further provided are OLEDs and related consumer products that utilize these compounds.

Provided is an electroluminescent device. The organic electroluminescent device comprises a first metal complex comprising a ligand L.sub.a having a structure of Formula 1, a first compound having a structure of Formula 2 and a second compound having a structure of Formula 3. Compared to the related art, such a compound composition can significantly improve the performance of the organic electroluminescent device, especially significantly extend a device lifetime, and finally significantly improve the overall performance of the device. Further provided are an electronic device comprising the electroluminescent device and a compound composition comprising the first metal complex, the first compound and the second compound.

Provided are an organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, a light-emitting device including the organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device:

##STR00001##

Formula 1 is understood by referring to the description of Formula 1 provided herein.

An organic compound represently by Chemical formula 1 and Chemical formula 2, an electronic component, and an electronic device. The two * in Chemical formula 2 are attached to any two adjacent * of the four * in Chemical formula 1 to form a fused ring. The organic compound can improve the electron transport performance of the electronic component. ##STR00001##

Provided is a light emitting diode including a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, thereby exhibiting high luminous efficiency and improved lifespan characteristics.

##STR00001##

Provided are a heterocyclic compound, a light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound, and an electronic apparatus including the light-emitting device. The heterocyclic compound is represented by Formula 1, which is explained in the specification. The light-emitting device is capable of maintaining efficiency and color expression at constant levels.

##STR00001##

An OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) device can include a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer which are non-patterned and stacked as common layers configured such that a thickness of each of a hole transporting layer, the red emission layer, the green emission layer, and the blue emission layer is respectively less than those corresponding layers in a conventional OLED device having a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer which are patterned.

A novel organic compound is provided. That is, a novel organic compound that is effective in improving element characteristics and reliability is provided. The organic compound includes an anthracene skeleton and a carbazole skeleton, and is represented by the following general formula (G1). ##STR00001## (In the formula, Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and when the arylene group has substituents, the substituents may be bonded to each other to form a ring. Furthermore, Cz represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton. Furthermore, each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 and R.sup.11 to R.sup.17 independently represents any of hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms. Furthermore, at least one of the following pairs may form a fused ring: R.sup.12 and R.sup.13; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15; R.sup.15 and R.sup.16; or R.sup.16 and R.sup.17.

This organic electroluminescence element includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The organic layer includes a light-emitting layer and at least one layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the anode. The light-emitting layer includes a compound represented by formula (1), and the at least one layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the anode includes a compound represented by formula (2). ##STR00001##

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound: ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, M, X.sub.1 to X.sub.4, Y.sub.1, X.sub.5, ring CY.sub.1 to ring CY.sub.5, T.sub.1 to T.sub.3, T.sub.1 to T.sub.5, and a1 to a5 are each independently the same as described above.