An organic light-emitting device includes: an anode, an emitting layer, and a cathode that are stacked; a first functional material layer located between the emitting layer and the anode; and a second functional material layer located between the emitting layer and the cathode. Under a same test condition, a hole mobility of a material of the first functional material layer is at least ten times an electron mobility of a material of the second functional material layer.

A display apparatus that includes an OLED (organic light-emitting device) substrate including a first blue light-emitting unit, a green light-emitting unit, and a second blue light-emitting unit which are stacked; and a color controller provided on the OLED substrate to adjust color of a light generated from the OLED substrate.

Provided are a heterocyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same. The heterocyclic compound includes a fluoro-containing cyclic group. The heterocyclic compound does not include a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, and/or a triphenylene group. The organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an organic layer, the organic layer including an emission layer and at least one of the heterocyclic compound.

A novel display apparatus that is highly convenient, useful, or reliable is provided. The display apparatus includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a first unit, a second unit, and a first intermediate layer; the first unit is located between the second electrode and the first electrode; and the first unit contains a first light-emitting material EM1. The second unit is located between the second electrode and the first unit and contains a second light-emitting material EM2. The first intermediate layer is located between the second unit and the first unit. The first intermediate layer includes a first layer and a second layer; the first layer is located between the second unit and the second layer; the first layer contains an organic compound having a halogen group or a cyano group or a transition metal oxide; and the second layer contains a first organic compound AM2 having an electron-accepting property, a second organic compound DM having an electron-donating property, and a third organic compound BM having basicity.

Provided is a light-emitting device which may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein the emission layer includes a host and a dopant, the host includes a first compound and a second compound, the dopant includes a third compound and a fourth compound, the first compound, the second compound, the third compound, and the fourth compound are different from each other, the third compound is a platinum-containing organometallic compound, the platinum-containing organometallic compound includes platinum and a first ligand bonded to the platinum, the first ligand includes a carbene group, the carbon of the carbene group and the platinum are bonded together, and Expression 1 is satisfied, which is explained in the specification.

An organic light-emitting device (OLED) includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and including a hole transport layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode and including an electron transport layer, wherein the OLED satisfies Equations 1 and 2 below:
0.75 eV≤|LUMO.sub.H(ET)−LUMO.sub.H(HT)|≤0.90 eV  <Equation 1>
|E(S.sub.1,H(ET))−E(S.sub.1,H(HT))|<0.15 eV  <Equation 2> wherein in Equations 1 and 2, LUMO.sub.H(ET) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron-transporting host, LUMO.sub.H(HT) refers to an LUMO energy level of the hole-transporting host, E(S.sub.1, H(ET)) refers to a singlet energy level of the electron-transporting host, and E(S.sub.1, H(HT)) refers to a singlet energy level of the hole-transporting host.

An electroluminescent device, a method for fabricating the same, a display panel, and a display device are disclosed. The electroluminescent device includes a hole inject layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron inject layer. At least one of the hole inject layer, the hole transport layer, the electron transport layer, and electron inject layer is a target film including a small molecular layer and a large molecular layer which are arranged in a stacked manner.

A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1: ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.

An organic electroluminescent device is disclosed. The organic electroluminescent device achieves low driving voltage and high luminous efficiency as well as long lifespan by including an exciton confinement layer (ECL), in which a predetermined physical property is adjusted, in an area of an electron transporting area, including at least two layers, that is adjacent to an emissive layer.

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; m emission units stacked between the first electrode and the second electrode, each emission unit including at least one emission layer; and m−1 charge generating layers respectively located between two adjacent emission units among them emission units, each of the charge generating layers including one n-type charge generating region and one p-type charge generating region, wherein m is an integer of 2 or more, and at least one of the m−1 p-type charge generating regions includes a phosphate-containing compound.