A light-emitting device including an organic compound represented by Formula 1, and an electronic apparatus and electronic device, each including the light-emitting device are provided. The organic compound represented by Formula 1 is further provided:

##STR00001##

An organic light-emitting diode and a display device using the same are provided. An organic light-emitting diode includes: a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer on the hole injection layer, a first emission layer configured to generate light of a short wavelength in a visible band, the first emission layer being on the hole transport layer, wherein one or more of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer includes a phosphorescent dopant material at an interface between the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer.

Provided are a photon up-conversion film, a photon up-conversion body, a laminate, and an energy conversion device, which are capable of high-efficiency up-conversion, and methods of producing the same. The photon up-conversion film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a color-forming portion containing at least: a sensitizing component capable of absorbing light in a first wavelength region 1; and a light-emitting component capable of radiating light in a second wavelength region 2 including wavelengths shorter than those of the first wavelength region 1. A relaxation time of the photon up-conversion film measured by a spin-echo method through use of time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (pulse NMR) at 298 K is less than 210 ms.