According to one embodiment, a display device includes a base electrode including a first reflective layer, a lower electrode including a second reflective layer and provided on the base electrode, and a rib which covers an edge portion of the base electrode and has a pixel aperture overlapping the lower electrode. A width of the base electrode is greater than a width of the lower electrode.

A display apparatus includes: a substrate; light-emitting elements on the substrate; a first light-receiving element on the substrate and arranged next to the light-emitting elements; and a first light-receiving color filter on the first light-receiving element, wherein the first light-receiving element comprises a first transparent light-receiving electrode, a first light-absorbing layer on the first transparent light-receiving electrode, and an opposite electrode on the first light-absorbing layer, the first light-absorbing layer comprises a material that has sensitivity to light of a first, second, and third wavelengths, the first light-receiving color filter is configured to transmit the light of the first wavelength, the light of the first wavelength, second, and third wavelengths are a first one, a second one, and a third one from among green light, red light, and blue light, respectively.

Disclosed herein are charge or electricity generating devices and methods of making and use thereof.

A photoelectric conversion element in an embodiment, includes: a substrate; a first electrode; a photoelectric conversion film containing a perovskite crystal having a composition expressed by ABX.sub.3; an electron transport layer; and a second electrode. The second electrode includes: a first layer arranged on the electron transport layer and containing at least one first metal selected from Ti, Sn, Zn, Ce, In, and Nb and an oxide of the first metal; and a second layer containing a second metal and an oxide of the second metal. The second layer includes: a first region existing on the first layer side; a second region existing on the first region and having a lower oxygen concentration than the first region; and a third region existing on the second region and having a higher oxygen concentration than the second region.

A transparent display panel is provided. The transparent display panel includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode is disposed on a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting layer, the second electrode is disposed on one side of the light-emitting layer away from the light-emitting surface, and the second electrode is an electrochromic electrode. The transparent display panel of the present disclosure can reduce an influence of ambient background light on light-emitting pixels without affecting transparent display effect.

A method for fabricating a highly reliable display device is provided. A first conductive film is formed; a first film containing a first light-emitting substance is formed over the first conductive film; a first mask film is formed over the first film; the first conductive film, the first film, and the first mask film are processed such that their side surfaces are substantially aligned with each other to form a first conductive layer, a first layer, and a first mask layer; a second conductive film is formed over the first mask layer and a first sidewall insulating layer; a second film containing a second light-emitting substance is formed over the second conductive film; a second mask film is formed over the second film; and the second conductive film, the second film, and the second mask film are processed such that their side surfaces are substantially aligned with each other to form a second conductive layer, a second layer, and a second mask layer and to expose the top surface of the first mask layer.

A composite material. and a light-emitting diode and a preparation method therefor. The composite material includes a carbolong compound and a heteromacrocyclic compound, wherein the molar ratio of the carbolong compound to the heteromacrocyclic compound is 1:1-3; the carbolong compound comprises anions and cations; and the heteromacrocyclic compound is selected from one of a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic compound which has 6-20 annular atoms and is of a semi-ring structure, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic compound having 12-50 annular atoms, a dimer of a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic compound having 12-50 annular atoms, and a trimer of a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic compound having 12-50 annular atoms. The composite material can reduce the work function of an electrode, prolong the operating life of a device, and improve the performance of the device.

An organic light emitting device comprises a first electrode, an organic emissive layer positioned over the first electrode, a charge transport layer positioned over the organic emissive layer, and a second electrode comprising a metal, positioned over the charge transport layer, wherein the charge transport layer and the second electrode are configured to form plasmon exciton polaritons between the second electrode and the charge transport layer, wherein the charge transport layer has large singlet extinction coefficients and oscillator strengths, and an absorption onset wavelength smaller than emission wavelength.

A method for improving interfacial adhesion of an organic solar cell and an organic solar cell are provided. An elastomer interface layer, which is formed by thermoplastic elastomers, is arranged between at least two adjacent functional layers in the organic solar cell, or, the upper and lower interfaces of at least one functional layer have an enrichment layer formed by enrichment of thermoplastic elastomers. The method includes: arranging an elastomer interface layer at least two adjacent functional layers, or, enriching thermoplastic elastomers at the upper and lower interfaces of at least one functional layer to form an enrichment layer. According to the present application, the thermoplastic elastomers enriched at the interfaces, or the thermoplastic elastomers used as interface layers alone serve as glue between functional layers. The method is simple in process, large in doping window, and small in thickness dependence when independent film formation.

The present disclosure is directed to an organic light emitting diode (OLED) that includes a first electrode that is an amorphous metal electrode. A first transport layer is on the first electrode, an emission layer is on the first transport layer, a second transport layer is on the emission layer, and a second electrode is on the second transport layer. The amorphous metal electrode provides a smooth, even surface such that the first transport layer, the emission layer, the second transport layer, and the second electrode are also formed evenly.