An energy converting device includes a base, which is fixed; a methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr.sub.3) material having a first end fixedly attached to the base and a second end free to move; and an actuator block attached to the second end of the MAPbBr.sub.3 material. The actuator block moves relative to the base when the MAPbBr.sub.3 material is exposed to light.

An elastic wave device in which a recess is provided on an upper side of a support, a piezoelectric thin film covers the recess, and an IDT electrode is provided on an upper surface of the piezoelectric thin film. A plate wave of an S0 mode or SH0 mode is used. A plurality of grooves are provided in the upper surface or lower surface of the piezoelectric thin film at a portion of the piezoelectric thin film that is positioned on a hollow section.

An electronic control device for controlling a converter that comprises a piezoelectric element and a plurality of switches which are commanded to alternate phases, respectively at substantially constant voltage, and substantially constant charge, across the terminals of said piezoelectric element, the control device comprising: a measurement module for measuring a period of a resonance cycle of the piezoelectric element; an event detection module for detecting a characteristic event belonging to a current resonance cycle; a command module for commanding the switching of the switches; a computation module for computing at least three subsequent switching time instants during at least one subsequent resonance cycle, which is posterior to the current resonance cycle, each subsequent switching time instant being computed based on a respective characteristic event; and
the command module being configured to command the switching of the respective switch at each of the subsequent time instants computed.

A hard lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic has an ABO.sub.3 structure with A sites and B sites. The PZT ceramic is doped with Mn and with Nb on the B sites and the ratio Nb/Mn is <2. A piezoelectric multilayer component having such a PZT ceramic and also a method for producing a piezoelectric multilayer component are also disclosed.

A piezoelectric transformer and a method for producing a piezoelectric transformer are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes manufacturing a main body having an input region having electrodes and a first piezoelectric material being alternately stacked one on top of the other. An output region includes a second piezoelectric material. The first piezoelectric material is polarized and a removable contact is fitted to an output-side end side of the main body, which end side faces away from the input region. A first electrical potential is applied to the removable contact for polarizing the second piezoelectric material.

A power factor improvement and power generation apparatus using a piezoelectric element may include: a first piezoelectric element having first and second electrodes, and vibrating when voltage is applied from a power line; and a second piezoelectric element having first and second electrodes, and generating electricity in accordance with vibration of the first piezoelectric element. This apparatus is possible to improve a power factor of a power line and generate power using the inherent condenser component, which a piezoelectric element has, instead of a power factor compensation condenser, and it is also possible to generate power.

Circuitry for estimating a displacement of a piezoelectric transducer in response to a drive signal applied to the piezoelectric transducer, the circuitry comprising: monitoring circuitry configured to be coupled to the piezoelectric transducer and to output a sense signal indicative of an electrical signal associated with the piezoelectric transducer as a result of the drive signal; wherein the circuitry is configured to generate a difference signal based on the drive signal and the sense signal; and wherein the circuitry further comprises processing circuitry configured to apply at least one transfer function to the difference signal to generate a signal indicative of the displacement of the piezoelectric transducer.

An electronic device includes a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) rectifier. The MEMS rectifier includes a mainboard and a sub-board. The mainboard has one or more radiofrequency (RF) inputs configured to receive an RF signal, and a first electrical contact. The sub-board is positioned parallel to the mainboard with a gap in-between, and has a thin film piezoelectric layer, a second electrical contact positioned opposite the first electrical contact, and a ground plane. The sub-board is configured to vibrate as the RF signal is received at the one or more RF inputs, and the thin film piezoelectric layer is configured to generate energy due to the vibration and piezoelectric properties of the thin film piezoelectric layer.

A filter includes: one or more series resonators connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal, the one or more series resonators including a series resonator located closest to the output terminal, the series resonator located closest to the output terminal having a resonant frequency that is 99.6% or less of or 102.2% or greater of a center frequency of a passband; one or more parallel resonators connected in parallel between the input terminal and the output terminal; and an inductor connected in parallel to the series resonator located closest to the output terminal.

A structure of an integrated crystal oscillator package has a first quartz crystal resonator, a second quartz crystal resonator, and application-specific integrated circuit chip (ASIC) combined in a package. The ASIC has a switch control for receiving audio formats of 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz with different hi-fidelity (hi-fi). The first quartz crystal resonator has a first clock rate corresponding to the 44.1 kHz frequency and the second quartz crystal resonator has a second clock rate corresponding to the 48 kHz frequency to be switched by the present invention in operation.