The object of the present invention is to provide linked stacks of reduced graphene, in which excellent electrical property on the surface of graphene may be utilized, a method for producing the same, powder comprising the same, and film comprising the same. The object may be solved by using linked stacks of partly reduced graphene 11 comprising two or more stacks of partly reduced graphene 21 to 24 linked together, in which the stack of partly reduced graphene 21 has two or more sheets of partly reduced graphene 31 and a nanosubstance 32 held between the sheets of partly reduced graphene 31, the partly reduced graphene 31 has no carbonyl groups and has carboxyl groups 31a and hydroxyl groups 31b, and different stacks of partly reduced graphene 21 to 24 are linked to each other by an ester bond 34.

A composite comprising a conducting polymer and a graphene-based material is provided. The composite includes a graphene-based material doped with nitrogen or having a nitrogen-containing species grafted thereon, and a conducting polymer arranged on the graphene-based material. Methods of preparing the composite, and electrodes formed from the composite are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to a novel polymer compound and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a novel conductive low band gap electron donor polymer compound having high photon absorptivity and improved hole mobility, a method for preparing the same and an organic photovoltaic cell containing the same. Since the conductive polymer compound as a low band gap electron donor exhibits high photon absorptivity and superior hole mobility, it can be usefully used as a material for an organic optoelectronic device such as an organic photodiode (OPD), an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an organic photovoltaic cell, etc. as well as in the development of a n-type material.

An electrical conductor comprising a first layer, wherein the first layer is electrically conducting, and comprises micro protrusions, macro protrusions, wherein the micro protrusions are arranged on the macro protrusions, a first set of depressions, wherein the first set of depressions comprises at least two longitudinal depressions; the macro protrusions and the at least two longitudinal depressions are arranged in an alternating pattern, at least one coating layer, wherein the at least one coating layer comprises an electrically conducting polymer, touches the first layer, at least partially covers the first layer; wherein at least 50% of the macro protrusions have a width, measured along a first direction in the range of 2.0 mm to 40.0 mm and at least 50% of the micro protrusions have a width, measured along the first direction, in the range of 0.001 mm to 1.000 mm.

A transparent electrode material including a conductive layer having an active surface and a second surface, and an adjacent base layer, wherein: ∘ the conductive layer includes a conductive network formed by metallic nanowires and carbon nanotubes encapsulated in a conductive material; ∘ the second surface of the conductive layer has encapsulated nanowires and/or nanotubes projecting therefrom; and ∘ the encapsulated nanowires and/or nanotubes projecting from the second surface of the conductive layer are embedded in the adjacent base layer; whereby the active surface of the conductive layer is smooth and electrically active, and the transparent electrode material has a sheet resistance less than 50 Ω/sq and a transparency greater than 70%.

An anisotropic conductive film with a structure wherein an electrically insulting adhesive base layer and cover layer are stacked, and electrically conductive particles are disposed at lattice points with a planar lattice pattern in the vicinity of the interface of the layers. In the anisotropic conductive film, a proportion of lattice points at which no electrically conductive particles are disposed with respect to all lattice points with the planar lattice pattern assumed in any reference region is 25% or less, and some of the electrically conductive particles disposed at lattice points with planar lattice pattern are disposed to be shifted in longitudinal direction of anisotropic conductive film with respect to corresponding lattice points, and a shift amount defined as a distance between a plane projection center of the electrically conductive particles disposed to be shifted and the corresponding lattice point is less than 50% the electrically conductive particles' average diameter.

An anisotropic conductive film with a structure wherein an electrically insulting adhesive base layer and cover layer are stacked, and electrically conductive particles are disposed at lattice points with a planar lattice pattern in the vicinity of the interface of the layers. In the anisotropic conductive film, a proportion of lattice points at which no electrically conductive particles are disposed with respect to all lattice points with the planar lattice pattern assumed in any reference region is 25% or less, and some of the electrically conductive particles disposed at lattice points with planar lattice pattern are disposed to be shifted in longitudinal direction of anisotropic conductive film with respect to corresponding lattice points, and a shift amount defined as a distance between a plane projection center of the electrically conductive particles disposed to be shifted and the corresponding lattice point is less than 50% the electrically conductive particles' average diameter.

Chemically anchoring long-chain polymer networks of tough hydrogels on solid surfaces can represent a general strategy to design tough and functional bonding between hydrogels and solid materials, achieving interfacial toughness over 1000 Jm.sup.−2.

The present invention relates to a polymer which comprises at least one structural unit which contains at least one aldehyde group, and to a process for the preparation of a crosslinkable or crosslinked polymer including a polymer which contains aldehyde groups. The present invention thus also relates to a crosslinkable polymer and a crosslinked polymer which is prepared by the process according to the invention, and to the use of this crosslinked polymer in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, so-called OLEDs (OLED=organic light emitting device).

The present invention relates to a polymer which comprises at least one structural unit which contains at least one aldehyde group, and to a process for the preparation of a crosslinkable or crosslinked polymer including a polymer which contains aldehyde groups. The present invention thus also relates to a crosslinkable polymer and a crosslinked polymer which is prepared by the process according to the invention, and to the use of this crosslinked polymer in electronic devices, in particular in organic electroluminescent devices, so-called OLEDs (OLED=organic light emitting device).