A process of forming a hydrophobic, conductive barrier on a metallic surface includes coating the metallic surface with an organic, conductive material. The organic, conductive material includes a conductive group having two or more alkyne groups and a dithiocarbamate group to bind the organic, conductive material to the metallic surface.

A conductive composition comprising a conductive polymer (A), a water-soluble polymer (B), and a solvent (C1), wherein: the water-soluble polymer (B) comprises a water-soluble polymer (B11) represented by formula (11), and an amount of a water-soluble polymer (B2) represented by formula (2) as the water-soluble polymer (B) is 0.15% by mass or less, based on a total mass of the conductive composition: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently denotes a methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.6 denotes a hydrophilic group, R.sup.7 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y.sup.1 denotes a single bond, —S—, —S(═O)—, —C(═O)—O— or —O—, Z denotes a cyano group or a hydroxy group, each of p1 and q denotes an average number of repetitions, and is a number of from 1 to 50, and m denotes a number of from 1 to 5.

A conductive composition comprising a conductive polymer (A), a water-soluble polymer (B), and a solvent (C1), wherein: the water-soluble polymer (B) comprises a water-soluble polymer (B11) represented by formula (11), and an amount of a water-soluble polymer (B2) represented by formula (2) as the water-soluble polymer (B) is 0.15% by mass or less, based on a total mass of the conductive composition: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 denotes a linear or branched alkyl group with 6 to 20 carbon atoms, each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently denotes a methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.6 denotes a hydrophilic group, R.sup.7 denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y.sup.1 denotes a single bond, —S—, —S(═O)—, —C(═O)—O— or —O—, Z denotes a cyano group or a hydroxy group, each of p1 and q denotes an average number of repetitions, and is a number of from 1 to 50, and m denotes a number of from 1 to 5.

Provided is a conductive material that is capable of achieving a high-electric conductivity, long-term stability under an atmospheric environment, heat and high humidity stabilities, as well as a conductive film and a solar cell using the same. The conductive material includes a mixture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS acid). The element ratio (S/C ratio) of sulfur (S) to carbon (C) in the mixture may be from 0.001 to 0.1 in terms of the number of atoms. CNTs and PSS acid may make up a content percentage of 10 wt % or more in the mixture. These conductive films comprised of the conductive material 6 may have a weight per unit area of the CNTs in the range from 1 mg/m.sup.2 to 10000 mg/m.sup.2. The solar cell may include the conductive film 7, wherein the film is on the surface of a semiconductor.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising i) at least one polythiophene comprising monomer units of structure (Ia) or (Ib)

##STR00001## in which *, X, Z, R, and R.sup.1-R.sup.6 are as defined herein; ii) at least one organic compound carrying one or two inorganic acid group(s), preferably one or two sulfonic acid group(s), one or two sulfuric acid group(s), one or two phosphonic acid group(s) or one or two phosphoric acid group(s), or a salt of said organic compound, wherein the molecular weight of the organic compound or the salt thereof is less than 1,000 g/mol; and iii) at least one organic solvent. A method of preparing such compounds is also provided.

A conductive polyester composition is provided, which includes a polyester base material and a conductive reinforcing material. The conductive reinforcing material includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and the plurality of carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the polyester base material. In each of the carbon nanotubes, a length of the carbon nanotube is defined as L, a diameter of the carbon nanotube is defined as D and is between 1 nanometer and 30 nanometers, and an L/D value of the carbon nanotube is between 300 and 2,000. The plurality of carbon nanotubes are in contact with each other to form a plurality of contact points, so that the conductive polyester composition has a surface impedance of not greater than 10.sup.7 Ω/sq.

An interpenetrating network (IPN) polymer membrane material includes a soft polyurethane interspersed with a crosslinked conducting polymer. The material can be reversibly “switched” between its oxidized and reduced states by the application of a small voltage, ˜1 to 4 volts, thus modulating its diffusivity.

A conductive substrate includes a base material and a conductive layer arranged on the base material, in which the conductive layer has a conductive thin wire part containing a metal and a transparent insulating part containing no metal, the transparent insulating part being adjacent to the conductive thin wire part, and the conductive layer contains a compound represented by Formula (1).

A conductive substrate includes a base material and a conductive layer arranged on the base material, in which the conductive layer has a conductive thin wire part containing a metal and a transparent insulating part containing no metal, the transparent insulating part being adjacent to the conductive thin wire part, and the conductive layer contains a compound represented by Formula (1).

The invention is related to an improved capacitor and an improved process for forming a capacitor. The process comprises forming an anode comprising a dielectric on the anode. A cathode layer is then formed on the dielectric wherein the cathode layer comprises a self-doped conductive polymer and a cross-linker wherein a weight ratio of crosslinker to self-doped conductive polymer is at least 0.01 to no more than 2.