A conductive composition includes a binding resin and a conductive polymer, wherein the conductive polymer has a quinoid structure and a benzoid structure, and wherein a ratio of a half-width value of a peak intensity corresponding to the benzoid structure to a half width of a peak intensity corresponding to the quinoid structure in Raman spectra obtained by Raman spectroscopy is 0.5 to 12.

This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

Provided is a dopant with which a conductor material having high electrical conductivity can be formed. The present disclosure relates to a dopant containing a radical cation represented by Formula (1) and a counter anion. In Formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 may be the same or different, and each denotes a monovalent aromatic group or a group represented by Formula (r). at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is a group represented by Formula (r), and n indicates the valence of the radical cation and is equal to the quantity (n) of nitrogen atoms in the formula. In Formula (r), Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and Ar.sup.3 may be the same or different, and each denotes a divalent aromatic group, and Ar.sup.4, Ar.sup.5, Ar.sup.6, and Ar.sup.7 may be the same or different, and each denotes a monovalent aromatic group optionally having a substituent represented by Formula (sb) below. Furthermore, m and n may be the same or different, and each represents an integer of 0 or greater.

##STR00001##

Provided is a dopant with which a conductor material having high electrical conductivity can be formed. The present disclosure relates to a dopant containing a radical cation represented by Formula (1) and a counter anion. In Formula (1), R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 may be the same or different, and each denotes a monovalent aromatic group or a group represented by Formula (r). at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is a group represented by Formula (r), and n indicates the valence of the radical cation and is equal to the quantity (n) of nitrogen atoms in the formula. In Formula (r), Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and Ar.sup.3 may be the same or different, and each denotes a divalent aromatic group, and Ar.sup.4, Ar.sup.5, Ar.sup.6, and Ar.sup.7 may be the same or different, and each denotes a monovalent aromatic group optionally having a substituent represented by Formula (sb) below. Furthermore, m and n may be the same or different, and each represents an integer of 0 or greater.

##STR00001##

The invention provides energy-sensitive adducts of acetylenic compounds having at least 25 carbons and at least one substance, compositions comprising these adducts, and industrial applications thereof including radiation dosimetry and the like. The adducts and compositions thereof have sensitivity towards energy derived from sources of radiation such as ionizing radiation, electromagnetic radiation, or heat.

The X-ray structure of a salt of n-butanoic acid and morpholine showing two different hydrogen bonding interactions

Provided in this patent disclosure are two types of novel fluoro-monomers that can be polymerized for the fabrication of ion-exchange fluoropolymers. In addition, new proton-conductive zirconium-perfluorophosphonic acid fluoropolymer membranes that can reduce metal crossovers in redox flow batteries are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to an ion gel having superior ion conductivity and mechanical strength, a polymer electrolyte including the same, and a manufacturing method thereof. The method of manufacturing the ion gel is capable of simply and effectively manufacturing a polymer matrix through a one-pot reaction, thus exhibiting simple processing steps to thereby manifest excellent processing efficiency and generate economic benefits. Moreover, the polymer electrolyte including the ion gel can exhibit superior ion conductivity and mechanical strength despite the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the monomer contained in the polymer matrix.

A conductive polymer coating composition including a conductive fibrillated structure and a base polymer, wherein the conductive fibrillated structure includes a fibrillated polymer and a conductive polymer grafted on the fibrillated polymer, and wherein the conductive polymer coating composition has an electrical conductivity from about 10.sup.−5 S/cm to about 10.sup.+1 S/cm and a thermal conductivity from about 1.1 W/m K to about 3 W/m K.

An electrically conductive material includes an anionic polymer having a polymer backbone that is bonded to a plurality of terminal catechol moieties and a plurality of terminal sulfonate moieties. It also includes a cationic polymer including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

An electrically conductive material includes an anionic polymer having a polymer backbone that is bonded to a plurality of terminal catechol moieties and a plurality of terminal sulfonate moieties. It also includes a cationic polymer including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).