The present disclosure provides organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles, which have desirable surface chemistry and optical properties that make them particularly suitable for biological and optical applications. The present disclosure also provides methods of making organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles. The present disclosure also provides methods of using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles for biological and optical applications.

The present disclosure provides organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles, which have desirable surface chemistry and optical properties that make them particularly suitable for biological and optical applications. The present disclosure also provides methods of making organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles. The present disclosure also provides methods of using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles for biological and optical applications.

The present invention provides a bidirectional thermal energy-transfer system comprising: a thermally conductive concrete; a location of energy supply or demand that is physically isolated from the thermally conductive concrete; and a means of transferring thermal energy between the structural object and the location of energy supply or demand, for heating, cooling, or a combination thereof, wherein the thermally conductive concrete is characterized by a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W/m.Math.K. Other variations provide a bidirectional electrical energy-transfer system comprising: an electrically conductive concrete; a location of electrical energy supply or demand, wherein the location of electrical energy supply or demand is physically isolated from the electrically conductive concrete; and a means of transferring electrical energy between the structural object and the location of electrical energy supply or demand, wherein the electrically conductive concrete is characterized by a bulk average electrical conductivity greater than 0.01 S/m.

The present invention provides a bidirectional thermal energy-transfer system comprising: a thermally conductive concrete; a location of energy supply or demand that is physically isolated from the thermally conductive concrete; and a means of transferring thermal energy between the structural object and the location of energy supply or demand, for heating, cooling, or a combination thereof, wherein the thermally conductive concrete is characterized by a thermal conductivity greater than 1 W/m.Math.K. Other variations provide a bidirectional electrical energy-transfer system comprising: an electrically conductive concrete; a location of electrical energy supply or demand, wherein the location of electrical energy supply or demand is physically isolated from the electrically conductive concrete; and a means of transferring electrical energy between the structural object and the location of electrical energy supply or demand, wherein the electrically conductive concrete is characterized by a bulk average electrical conductivity greater than 0.01 S/m.

A conductive paste includes: a solder powder having a melting point of less than or equal to 120? C.; a conductive filler; a flux for removing an oxide film of the solder powder; and a solvent, wherein a ratio of a mass of the conductive filler to a mass of the solder powder is 20% to 80%.

A conductive paste includes: a solder powder having a melting point of less than or equal to 120? C.; a conductive filler; a flux for removing an oxide film of the solder powder; and a solvent, wherein a ratio of a mass of the conductive filler to a mass of the solder powder is 20% to 80%.

Provided is a composite member including an inorganic matrix part that is made from an inorganic substance including a metal oxide hydroxide; and an electrically conductive material part that is present in a dispersed state inside the inorganic matrix part and has electric conductivity. In the composite member, a porosity in a cross section of the inorganic matrix part is 20% or less.

Provided is a composite member including an inorganic matrix part that is made from an inorganic substance including a metal oxide hydroxide; and an electrically conductive material part that is present in a dispersed state inside the inorganic matrix part and has electric conductivity. In the composite member, a porosity in a cross section of the inorganic matrix part is 20% or less.

The present invention relates to a thermoelectric composite material and a method for preparing a thermoelectric composite material. Specifically, the invention relates to a thermoelectric composite material in which graphene oxide attached with conductive metal nanoparticles is dispersed in a thermoelectric material and a method for preparing a thermoelectric composite powder comprising the steps of: growing conductive metal nanoparticles on the surface of graphene oxide (step 1); and introducing the graphene oxide attached with the conductive metal nanoparticles prepared in step 1 into a thermoelectric material precursor solution, followed by heat treatment (step 2).

The present invention relates to a thermoelectric composite material and a method for preparing a thermoelectric composite material. Specifically, the invention relates to a thermoelectric composite material in which graphene oxide attached with conductive metal nanoparticles is dispersed in a thermoelectric material and a method for preparing a thermoelectric composite powder comprising the steps of: growing conductive metal nanoparticles on the surface of graphene oxide (step 1); and introducing the graphene oxide attached with the conductive metal nanoparticles prepared in step 1 into a thermoelectric material precursor solution, followed by heat treatment (step 2).