The present disclosure provides organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles, which have desirable surface chemistry and optical properties that make them particularly suitable for biological and optical applications. The present disclosure also provides methods of making organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles. The present disclosure also provides methods of using the organic-inorganic hybrid polymer particles for biological and optical applications.

Embodiments of a circuit, system, and method are disclosed. A beam switch to a beam with a beam configuration from another beam with another beam configuration is detected. In response to the detected beam switch: a tuner setting is determined for an antenna tuner of an antenna element in an antenna array which transmits the first beam with the first beam configuration based on the first beam configuration, the tuner setting associated with the first beam configuration; and an indication of the tuner setting is provided to an impedance matching system of the antenna tuner to compensate for a mismatch between an impedance of the antenna element and impedance of one or more other radio frequency (RF) components of an RF front-end having the antenna element and antenna tuner.

This invention relates to particulate electroactive materials comprising a plurality of composite particles, wherein the composite particles comprise: (a) a porous carbon framework including micropores and optional mesopores having a combined total volume of at least 0.7 cm.sup.3/g, wherein at least half of the micropore/mesopore volume is in the form of pores having a diameter of no more than 1.5 nm; and (b) an electroactive material located within the micropores and/or mesopores of the porous carbon framework. The D.sub.90 particle diameter of the composite particles is no more than 10 nm.

A composite material is provided. The composite material has a non-pulverulent carbon-based conductive material and metal nanoparticles of a metal M dispersed within the non-pulverulent carbon-based conductive material. The non-pulverulent carbon-based conductive material is selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

A composite material is provided. The composite material has a non-pulverulent carbon-based conductive material and metal nanoparticles of a metal M dispersed within the non-pulverulent carbon-based conductive material. The non-pulverulent carbon-based conductive material is selected from the group consisting of amorphous carbon, glassy carbon, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes.

The invention provides for polymer structures and their preparation and resulting novel functionalities including open-shell character and high intrinsic conductivity with wide-range tenability. Electrical conductivity can be further modulated by introducing or blending with materials, fillers, dopants, and/or additives. The materials or resultant composites of the invention can be processed by various techniques into different forms to realize multiple applications.

The invention provides for polymer structures and their preparation and resulting novel functionalities including open-shell character and high intrinsic conductivity with wide-range tenability. Electrical conductivity can be further modulated by introducing or blending with materials, fillers, dopants, and/or additives. The materials or resultant composites of the invention can be processed by various techniques into different forms to realize multiple applications.

Described herein are improved composite anodes and lithium-ion batteries made therefrom. Further described are methods of making and using the improved anodes and batteries. In general, the anodes include a porous composite having a plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites. At least one of the plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites is formed from a dendritic particle, which is a three-dimensional, randomly-ordered assembly of nanoparticles of an electrically conducting material and a plurality of discrete non-porous nanoparticles of a non-carbon Group 4A element or mixture thereof disposed on a surface of the dendritic particle. At least one nanocomposite of the plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites has at least a portion of its dendritic particle in electrical communication with at least a portion of a dendritic particle of an adjacent nanocomposite in the plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites.

Described herein are improved composite anodes and lithium-ion batteries made therefrom. Further described are methods of making and using the improved anodes and batteries. In general, the anodes include a porous composite having a plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites. At least one of the plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites is formed from a dendritic particle, which is a three-dimensional, randomly-ordered assembly of nanoparticles of an electrically conducting material and a plurality of discrete non-porous nanoparticles of a non-carbon Group 4A element or mixture thereof disposed on a surface of the dendritic particle. At least one nanocomposite of the plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites has at least a portion of its dendritic particle in electrical communication with at least a portion of a dendritic particle of an adjacent nanocomposite in the plurality of agglomerated nanocomposites.

The present invention relates to electrothermic composite material comprising an electrothermic layer on a substrate, wherein the electrothermic layer comprises glass having a carbon component dispersed throughout, wherein the glass, the carbon component, and their relative concentrations are selected such that the electrothermic layer resists delamination from the substrate over repeated electrical heating and cooling cycles. Methods and uses of the composite materials are also described.