Provided is a coated optical element that includes: an optical element; and a coating disposed on the optical element. The coating includes at least one layer of a topological insulator.

Systems and methods for heat dissipation are described. Systems and methods may include a gradient nanoparticle structure applied to a substrate, such as electrical transmission, distribution lines, to photovoltaic cells, and/or batteries of transportation vehicles and electronic devices.

A thermally conductive insulator consisting essentially of a silicon nitride member, comprise: a first region provided 10 m or more away from a first surface of the member along a depth direction in a section vertical to the first surface and containing at least one substance selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide and a carbon material; and a second region provided between the first surface and the first region. A concentration of silicon nitride of the second region is higher than a concentration of silicon nitride of the first region.

Heat dissipation systems include a plurality of heat dissipating layers, including gradient nanoparticle layers and carbon allotrope layers, applied to substrates. The gradient nanoparticle layers have first and second nanoparticles that both have diameters less than 500 nm, and the diameters differ from one another in length by 10% or more. The carbon allotrope layers include carbon allotrope particles suspended in a matrix that includes one or more polymers heat stable up to 500 C.

A grounding resistance and ground rod corrosion reducer that is capable of making use of montmorillonite, smectite, and vermiculite to apply antacid effect to acidified grounding environments, thereby decreasing a corrosion rate of a ground rod and providing an excellent grounding resistance reduction rate. The grounding resistance and ground rod corrosion reducer contains 50 to 75% by weight of a grounding resistance soil mixture made up of the montmorillonite, the smectite, and the vermiculite, 20 to 40% by weight of magnesium hydroxide, and 5 to 15% by weight of graphite, based on the total weight thereof.

In one aspect, the present invention provides undoped and doped siloxanes, germoxanes, and silagermoxanes that are substantially free from carbon and other undesired contaminants. In a second aspect, the present invention provides methods for making such undoped and doped siloxanes, germoxanes, and silagermoxanes. In still another aspect, the present invention provides compositions comprising undoped and/or doped siloxanes, germoxanes, and silagermoxanes and a solvent, and methods for forming undoped and doped dielectric films from such compositions. Undoped and/or doped siloxane compositions as described advantageously provide undoped and/or doped dielectric precursor inks that may be employed in forming substantially carbon-free undoped and/or doped dielectric films.

A power cable including: a conductor, an insulation system arranged around the conductor, a tape arrangement forming an interface between the conductor and the insulation system, the tape arrangement having one or several layers of which a first layer has an inner facing surface arranged to face the conductor, wherein the inner facing surface of the first layer of the tape arrangement is coated with friction enhancing material.

Magnet wire including extruded insulation formed from a blend of different polymeric materials is described. A magnet wire may include a conductor and insulation formed around the conductor. The insulation may include base enamel insulation and at least one layer of extruded insulation formed from a blend of at least three different polymeric materials. The enamel insulation may include either filled polyimide or filled polyamideimide. For the blend, a first polymeric material, such as polyetheretherketone, may have a thermal index above 240 C. Second and third polymeric materials, such as polyphenylsulfone and polyethersulfone, may have lower thermal indexes.

Embodiments of the disclosure describe a method that includes disposing an electrical insulator material over a layer of a ceramic-based material having vias and solid portions between the vias. The vias are filled with an electrically conductive metal that forms electrical paths through the layer of the ceramic-based material. A composite structure is formed that includes portions of the electrical insulator material that are fixed to the solid portions of the layer of the ceramic-based material. The composite structure further includes regions positioned between the portions of the electrical insulator material. The electrical insulator material has a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the electrically conductive metal has a second CTE, and the ceramic-based material has a third CTE that is greater than the first CTE and less than the second CTE.

A copper-coated steel wire includes a core wire made of a steel, and a coating layer made of copper or a copper alloy and covering an outer peripheral surface of the core wire. In a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the core wire, the core wire includes a plurality of oxide regions composed of an oxide of an element contained in the steel constituting the core wire, the oxide regions including the outer peripheral surface of the core wire and being disposed apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the core wire.