A repatternable nanoimprint lithography stamp includes a magnetic substrate and magnetic core nanoparticles. The magnetic substrate includes a magnet and a magnetic mask, and the magnetic core nanoparticles are arranged in a pattern on a surface of the magnetic substrate. The pattern is defined by selective application of a magnetic field to the magnetic substrate using the magnet and the magnetic mask.

Producing Co.sub.xFe.sub.100-x, where x is an integer from 20 to 95, nanoparticles by: (a) providing a first aqueous hydroxide solution; (b) preparing a second aqueous solution containing iron ions and cobalt ions; and (c) depositing measured volumes of the second aqueous solution into the first aqueous solution whereby coprecipitation yields CoFe alloy nanoparticles, wherein step (c) occurs in an essentially oxygen-free environment. The nanoparticles are annealed at ambient temperatures to yield soft nanoparticles with targeted particle size, saturation magnetization and coercivity. The chemical composition, crystal structure and homogeneity are controlled at the atomic level. The CoFe magnetic nanoparticles have M.sub.s of 200-235 emu/g, (H.sub.c) coercivity of 18 to 36 O.sub.e and size range of 5-40 nm. The high magnetic moment CoFe nanoparticles can be employed in drug delivery, superior contrast agents for highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic immunoassay, magnetic labeling, waste water treatment, and magnetic separation.

A nano magneto-rheological fluid, comprising nano-scale magnetizable magnetic particles, wherein an average particle size or a minimum size in one dimension is less than 100 nanometers; and fluids used as carrier liquids, wherein the magnetic particles are dispersively distributed in the fluids. An apparatus for making the nanometric magnetorheological fluid including a ball mill, a settling separator located downstream of the ball mill for receiving the primary magnetic particles, a magnetic separator located downstream of and connected to the settling separator for receiving the upper layer of fluid containing fine magnetic particles, and an agitator for mixing the desired secondary magnetic particles with a carrier liquid and an additive. A method for making the nano magneto-rheological fluid wherein the nano magneto-rheological fluid has performance advantages such as no remanent magnetization, non-settlement, low viscosity, low abrasive rate for components, long service life, high reliability and fast and clear response.

Disclosed embodiments enable equipment and methodologies that generate a magnetic field using at least one coil under the control of a controller and transduce radio-frequency energy into lower-frequency current or voltage under control of the controller for application to tissue in a subject's body, whereby the transduction produces a lower-field current or voltage that has an effect upon the subject's body tissue.

An apparatus includes a plurality of particles, wherein each particle contains a plurality of magnetizable (for example, ferromagnetic) and ferroelectric materials in fixed physical relationship (for example, physical contact) with one another. A method and apparatus measure magnetic fields arising from or within the plurality of particles.

Producing Co.sub.xFe.sub.100-x, where x is an integer from 20 to 95, nanoparticles by: (a) providing a first aqueous hydroxide solution; (b) preparing a second aqueous solution containing iron ions and cobalt ions; and (c) depositing measured volumes of the second aqueous solution into the first aqueous solution whereby coprecipitation yields CoFe alloy nanoparticles, wherein step (c) occurs in an essentially oxygen-free environment. The nanoparticles are annealed at ambient temperatures to yield soft nanoparticles with targeted particle size, saturation magnetization and coercivity. The chemical composition, crystal structure and homogeneity are controlled at the atomic level. The CoFe magnetic nanoparticles have M.sub.s of 200-235 emu/g, (H.sub.c) coercivity of 18 to 36 O.sub.e and size range of 5-40 nm. The high magnetic moment CoFe nanoparticles can be employed in drug delivery, superior contrast agents for highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic immunoassay, magnetic labeling, waste water treatment, and magnetic separation.

Methods and related systems for separating isotopes of an element are provided. The element has at least two isotopic forms. The method includes hyperpolarizing one or more of the isotopic forms in a feedstock, and applying a magnetic field to the target isotopes in order to at least partially spatially separate the isotopic forms of the element from one another.

A gyroscopic detection system utilizes magnetic nanoparticles that are suspended in a solution and exposed to a rotating magnetic field. The nanoparticles experience angular deviation from their axes if an external force is applied to the system. Solution composition and oscillation frequency may be varied to optimize the gyroscopic feedback.

A method for fabricating a thermal composite includes pouring a mixture including a plurality of magnetically susceptible particles and a thermosetting polymer into a mold, placing the mold containing the mixture in a chamber including a plurality of magnet arrays, and heating the mold containing the mixture in the chamber for a time and at a temperature sufficient to cure the thermosetting polymer. At least one of the plurality of magnet arrays includes a Halbach array.

Discrete, individualized carbon nanotubes having targeted, or selective, oxidation levels and/or content on the interior and exterior of the tube walls are claimed. Such carbon nanotubes can have little to no inner tube surface oxidation, or differing amounts and/or types of oxidation between the tubes' inner and outer surfaces. These new discrete carbon nanotubes are useful in treatment compositions for contaminated soil and ground water. Additives such as plasticizers, can be used in compounding and formulation of elastomeric, thermoplastic and thermoset composite for improvement of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.