A regenerator material for a cryocooler includes bismuth as a main component, and at most, 10% by weight of silver as an additive.

A magnetocaloric cascade contains a sequence of magnetocaloric material layers having different Curie temperatures T.sub.C, wherein the magnetocaloric material layers include a cold-side outer layer, a hot-side outer layer and at least three inner layers between the cold-side outer layer and the hot-side outer layer.

Disclosed herein are new face-centered cubic (f.c.c.) high-entropy alloys with compositions (in atomic %) of Fe.sub.aNi.sub.bMn.sub.cAl.sub.dCr.sub.eC.sub.f where a is between 37-43 atomic %, b is between 8-14 atomic %, c is between 32-38 atomic %, d is 4.5-10.5 atomic %, e is between 2.5-9 atomic % and f is between 0-2 atomic %. The undoped alloy has strength of 159 MPa and 40% elongation to failure, but the doped, carbon-containing alloy having 1.1 atomic percent carbon has yield strength of 360 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1200 MPa and 50% elongation to failure at room temperature. At 700 C., the yield strength is 214 MPa with 24% elongation to failure. Thus, the present alloy may replace austenitic stainless steels in applications where better strength is needed at both room temperature and elevated temperature in an oxidation resistant alloy.

A composite article (1; 10; 40) comprises a plurality of inclusions (5) of a magnetocalorically active material embedded in a matrix (4) of a magnetocalorically passive material. The inclusions (5) and the matrix (4) have a microstructure characteristic of a compacted powder.

System and methods for cryogenic magnetocaloric refrigeration are provided. The system may include a magnetocaloric material including a single ion anisotropy and primary magnetic interactions of at most two dimensions. The system may also include a cryogenic fluid in communication with the magnetocaloric material, such that, when a magnetic field having a strength of at least a predetermined threshold is applied, the magnetocaloric material is configured to at least partially liquefy the cryogenic fluid.

A shaped body comprising at least one solid material and a cured epoxy resin wherein the cured epoxy resin is prepared from an epoxy resin composition containing at least one epoxy resin having at least one epoxy group per molecule; at least one curing agent selected from cyanoalkylated polyamines of formula (A) A(NHXCN), wherein A is a group selected from aryl, arylalkyl, alkyl, and cycloalkyl, wherein A does not contain a primary amino group, X is alkylene having 1 to 10 C-atoms, and n2; and at least one accelerator selected from tertiary amines, imidazoles, guanidines, urea compounds, and Lewis acids.

A magnetic field generator (G.sub.1) for a magnetocaloric thermal device which comprises first (S.sub.M11) and second (S.sub.M21) identical magnetizing structures mounted head-to-tail, on either side of a central plane (P) and defining two air gaps (E.sub.1, E.sub.2). Each magnetizing structure (SM.sub.M11, S.sub.M12) comprises first (A.sub.M1) and second (A.sub.M2) magnetizing assemblies, whose induction vectors are oriented in opposite directions, and mounted on a support (S.sub.UP1). Each magnetizing assembly (A.sub.M1, A.sub.M2) has a permanent magnet structure (A.sub.PI, A.sub.PC) which comprises a passive side (F.sub.P1, F.sub.P2) and an active side (F.sub.A1, F.sub.A2), delimiting the air gaps (E.sub.1, E.sub.2). The induction vectors of the first (A.sub.M1, A.sub.M19) and the second (A.sub.M2, A.sub.M29) magnetizing assemblies, form inside the generator, a single circulation loop of a magnetic field through the supports (S.sub.UP1) and the air gaps (E.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.3, E.sub.4).