A method for switching over a solenoid valve having a movable valve body between a first position and a second position, wherein the method comprises at least the following method steps: a) adjusting a switching current to a pre-energization current intensity, in which the valve body remains in the present position, for a first time interval, and b) adjusting the switching current to a first switchover current intensity, which introduces a switchover movement of the valve body, for a second time interval.

Various embodiments of electric lighting devices and, in particular, electric candles are described. The devices can include a flame element onto which light can be projected from a light source. Preferably, the light is projected within a focal area on the flame element. The housing of the devices can include projections that help maintain a vertical position of a circuit board within the housing.

A ferromagnetic actuator is disposed between first and second semiconductor devices that include first and second inductors. Each inductor is disposed on top of a multilevel wiring structure. Current flows through the first inductor to generate a first magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic actuator towards the first inductor causing the ferromagnetic actuator to transition from a first state to a second state. In the second state, a portion of the ferromagnetic actuator is disposed closer to the first inductor than it is in the first state. Current flows through the second inductor to generate a second magnetic field that attracts the ferromagnetic actuator towards the second inductor causing the ferromagnetic actuator to transition from the first or second state to a third state. In the third state, a portion of the ferromagnetic actuator is disposed closer to the first inductor than it is in the first state.

Disclosed are a pulse magnet device based on magnetic flux compression, and a high-flux measurement method. The device includes a diamagnetic block, reinforcing plates, screw rods and a magnet coil. The diamagnetic block and the magnet coil are concentrically arranged in the axial direction; the reinforcing plates are arranged at ends of the magnet coil and the diamagnetic block and are connected by means of the screw rods. The diamagnetic block is used for inducing the induction current opposite the coil current during the discharge of the magnet coil, and for compressing the magnetic field to the area between the diamagnetic block and the magnet coil. The intensity and uniformity of the magnetic field around the magnet coil are improved by means of increasing the magnetic flux density.

A mobile terminal stopper ejection system is described, and includes a bracket and a stopper body which may be placed in the bracket, wherein a limiting lug boss is arranged on an inner side of a sidewall of the bracket, the limiting lug boss is partially or totally a magnetic substance, the stopper body is provided with an accommodation space, a limiting groove corresponding to the limiting lug boss is formed in an outer wall of the stopper body, the stopper body is fixed in the bracket by clamping between the limiting lug boss and the limiting groove, an ejecting spring is arranged between the stopper body and the bracket, the ejecting spring is arranged to eject the stopper body, the system further includes a magnetic module, and the magnetic module is an electromagnetic module, and attracts the limiting lug boss to be separated from the limiting groove when being energized. The system for ejecting the stopper of the mobile terminal implements automatic ejecting of the stopper of the mobile terminal.

Systems (100) and methods (300, 500) for controlling an electromechanical valve element (116). The methods involve: building up a magnetic flux through a valve (206) of the electromechanical valve element by supplying a PWM signal to an electromechanically inductive coil (202) of the electromechanical valve element at a power level lower than a power level needed to actuate the valve. When the valve needs to be opened, an amplitude of the PWM signal is increased such that the power provided to the electromechanically inductive coil rises to a power level sufficient to actuate the valve. Notably, the valve opens when a power cycling time of the PWM signal increases beyond a minimum power required to open the valve.

A solenoid drive device includes a first solenoid drive circuit, a second solenoid drive circuit, a selection circuit, and circuitry. The circuitry controls the first switching element and the second switching element with a duty control in a control cycle according to acquired values of the first drive current and the second drive current so that a first on/off switching direction of the first switching element at a start timing of the control cycle is opposite to a second on/off switching direction of the second switching element at the start timing. The circuitry determines whether a failure in at least one of the selector, the first solenoid drive circuit, and the second solenoid drive circuit occurs based on a change in the selection detection signal in a period during which an on/off state of the first switching element is different form an on/off state of the second switching element.

In a cable routing device having a cable carrier and a guiding device for the cable carrier, wherein the cable carrier has a first strand connected to a first connector and a second strand connected to a second connector, which are connected to one another via a rerouting area, and the guiding device having a contact area for the stationary contact of at least one part of one of the strand is provided for a secure contact of the corresponding part of the strand with the contact area and for preventing sliding friction, the cable carrier having at least one magnet, and the contact area having a ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic material, wherein the magnet interacts with the contact area in a predetermined positioning area of the cable carrier relative to the guiding device such that the strand having the magnet adheres to the contact area with a predetermined magnetic attractive force.

Apparatus 11 and 13 for interfacing two AC sources with two AC loads 17a 17b in the form of solenoid operated valves over a single conductor 25, with a return conductor 19 in an irrigation system is disclosed. The apparatus has an encoder circuit 11 with two inputs 21a 21b for connection to the two AC sources, and an output 23 for connection to the single conductor 25, and a decoder circuit 13 having an input 27 for connection to the conductor 25, and two outputs 29a 29b for connection to loads 17a 17b respectively. When the first input 21 a is powered, the first load 17a will be switched on, and when the second input 21b is powered, the second load 17b will be switched on. The decoder portion 13 incorporates switching circuits 43a 43b, interfaced with turn on delay timers 45a 45b respectively, to delay operating the loads at switch on, and turn-off delay timers 47a 47b to hold the loads on after switch off.

Various embodiments of electric lighting devices and, in particular, electric candles are described. The devices can include a flame element onto which light can be projected from a light source. Preferably, the light is projected within a focal area on the flame element. The housing of the devices can include projections that help maintain a vertical position of a circuit board within the housing.